2 8 Allen's naturalist's library. 



against the hind-neck, which is ashy-brown; eyebrow and lores 

 pale brown, deepening into darker brown on the ear-coverts, 

 which are surmounted by a whitish line ; throat greyish, 

 browner on the chin and lower throat ; sides of neck dull 

 white ; fore-neck and chest grey, slightly tinged with ochre ; 

 remainder of under surface white ; under wing-coverts and 

 axillaries brown. Total length, 15-5 inches; culmen, I'l ; 

 wing, 8-5; tail, yo ; tarsus, 1-3. 



Young Males. — Resemble the old female, but are more uni- 

 form above and do not show the olive-grey margins ; the 

 back and wings black ; the scapulars lighter brown, with 

 yellowish-brown margins and the feathers more pointed than 

 in the female ; head and neck marked as in the female, but 

 the throat browner; the bronzy speculum on the wing is 

 evident. 



Nestling. — Dark brown, the head blacker, as also the sides of 

 the face ; a white loral spot at the base of the bill and a mark 

 of white above and below the eye ; throat white, extending 

 on to the sides of the neck, but not joining behind ; a band 

 of brown across the fore-neck ; remainder of under surface 

 greyish ; the sides of the body and flanks brown. 



Range in Great Britain. — A winter visitant to our coasts, being 

 more plentiful in Scotland than in England, and mostly so in 

 the Hebrides, where it is known by the Gaelic name of Zac/i 

 Bh'um, or the Musical Duck. In the Orkneys and the Shet- 

 land Isles it is called " Calloo," from the note uttered by the 

 male. Mr. Howard Saunders believes that the Long-tailed 

 Duck breeds on some of the unfrequented lochs of Yell and 

 Mainland in the latter group, though absolute proof is still 

 wanting. To Ireland it is only an occasional visitor. 



Range outside the British Islands. — The Long-tailed Duck breeds 

 throughout the Arctic Regions from Greenland and Iceland to 

 Eastern Siberia, and again in Arctic America. In the New 

 World it is generally called the " Old Squaw." In winter it 

 visits the United States, and in Europe it has been found 

 south to the northern countries of the Mediterranean, and 

 it occurs in Japan and China at that season of the year, and 

 also winters on Lake Baikal and the Caspian Sea. 



