28 corvid.t:. 



Habits. Normally the Jungle-Crow is, as its name implies, a 

 bird of the forests and jungles rather than of cities and civiliza- 

 tion : at the sauje tin)e this particular race has taken to emulating 

 the Indian House-Ci'ow in haunting the abodes of men and, even 

 where it still keeps to the jungles, gHnerally selects places within 

 easy distance of some village, possibly for the sake of the food it 

 is able to scavenge from it. It is not nearly so gregarious as 

 the House-Crow, and, except in the towns, each pair has its own 

 special territory, from which it excludes all others of its own kind. 



(6) Corvus coronoides culminatus. 



The Southern Jungle- Crow, 



Corvus culminatus Sykes, P. Z. S., 1H32, p. 9tt (Deccaii). 

 Conms mdcrorliynclnis. ]jlanf. & Oates, i, p. 17. 



Vernacular names. ])lier\-lcawa{Yi\\\^. South); Kakl (Telegu); 

 Kada-Kalca (Tel. Travancore) ; Kaka (Tamil) ; Goi/i'i/aiunia Kala 

 (Ceylon ). 



Description. Only differs from the previous bird in being 

 smaller, with generallj^ a smaller, more slender bill and in having 

 the bases to the feathers nearly always dark in the adult as in the 

 young. 



Colours of soft parts as in lei'aillantl. 



Measurements. Wing from 272 to 305 mm., in one case 

 only 319 (possibly a wanderer), and averaging about 291 mm. 

 Culmen about 55 to 56 mm. 



Distribution. India in the • Madras Presidency southwards, 

 the Deccan and south through Malabar and Travancore to the 

 south of Cevlon. 



Nidification. In the northern ])ortion of its habitat this Crow 

 breeds in December to February, but in Ceylon it breeds in June 

 and July, though possibly in other months also. The nest is 

 similar to that of the Common Indian Jungle-Crow, but the 

 60 eggs available for measurement average oidv SS'O x 28"1 mm. 

 In colour they seem to be richer and darker than those of the 

 northern bird and to be of a stouter, shorter oval. 



Habits. Similar to those of the other races, but it is ])erhaps 

 more really a jungle bird than is JevaiUanti. In Ceylon it is said 

 (Wait) to keep much to the coastal areas, which are well forested. 



(7) Corvus coronoides intermedius. 

 Tjie Himalayan' Jungle-Croav. 



Corvus intermedius Adams, P. Z. S., 18o9, p. 171 (Kashmir). 

 Corvus macrorhjinchns. I'lauf. & Gates, i, p. 17. 



Vernacular names. Ulakpho (Le-^chix) ; d/ZaA- (Bhutea). 

 Description. A very large bird with a bill little if anything 



