coRvrs. 29 



lai'f^er tliau that of the Northern Indian race. In adults the 

 bases of the feathers are generally pale and iu some pure white. 



Colours of soft parts as in hwaiUanti. 



Measurements. Wing averaging over 330 mm. and running 

 up to as much as 36S in two birds, one from Simla ;iiid one from 

 Sikkim . 



If birds from only the liigher portions of their habitat were 

 taken, the wing average \\ould probably be well over 340 mm., but 

 the average is greatly decreased by late summer birds, which mav 

 well be visitors from the plains wandering into the hills after 

 breeding. Thus both in Murree and Mussoorie individuals occur 

 with wings of about 290 mm. and there is a specimen in the 

 Brirish Museum from Gilgit with a wing of onlv 285 mm. 



Distribution. The Himalayas from Afghanistan to Bhutan 

 and ? Datla Hills. 



Nidification. This form is essentially a jungle-breeder, though 

 it may place its nest in forest not far from habitations. Kound 

 about Simla the deodar is a favourite nesting site, the nest being 

 placed very higli up and even better and inore compactly built than 

 that of the plains' birds. The clutch is bigger also, five being not 

 uncommon and six sometimes met with. The eggs average 

 44-Sx30"0 mm. and are much more richly and brightly coloured 

 than are the eggs of the plains' birds. The breeding season lasts 

 from the middle of March to the end of May. 



Habits. The Himalayan Jungle-Crow is found from the foot- 

 liills up to at least 10,000 feet, though it may not be common at 

 this elevation. Birds from the hot country below 1,000 or even 

 2,000 feet elevation are intermediate between the plains and the 

 mountain forms and cannot be correctly assigned to either. 

 This is, of course, the case in intermediate areas between 

 geographical races of all species. 



The Himalayan bird is not so much addicted to haunting the 

 vicinity of human habitations as is the Common Jungle-Crow and 

 pairs may be found inhabiting stretches of forest far from any 

 camp or village. Its voice is notably louder and deeper than 

 that of the plains' bird. 



(S) Corvus coronoides andamanensis. 



Tub A:!^i)amak Juxgle-Cbow, 



Coitus andamanimsis Tytler, Beavaii, Ibis, 1S66, p. 420 (Pt. Blair, 



Aiidamans). 

 Corvvs viacrdrhynchus. Blanf. & Oates, i, p. 17. 



Vernacular names. Kak-sorai, Jcngla Kalc-sorai (Assamese) ; 

 Mar/ rani Dao-la (Cachari) ; Inrni-lak (Kacha Naga) ; Vo-kol- 

 (Kuki) ; Taiu-chc(ju)i (Burmese) ; Kwah (Siamese). 



