LOPHOPHANES. 85 



Description. Cheeks, ear-covers, sides of the ueck and a large 

 iniclial spot white, remainder of bead and neck dark brown or 

 blackisb, but more tbe deep black of melanolojihas ; upper plumage 

 olive-brown ; the wings and tail brown, witb bluish-ashy edges 

 and the u])per tail-coverts tipped witb fulvous; lower plumage 

 and under wing- coverts ferrugiiious. 



Colours of soft parts. Iris dark brown ; bill black ; legs and 

 feet plumbeous-brown. 



Measurements. Total length about 115 mm. ; wing 60 to63 mm. ; 

 tail about 42 to 43 mm. ; tarsus about 18 mm. ; culmeu about 8 ram. 



Distribution. jN'epal anH " jN'.W. Himalayas." The latter 

 locality is given for some specimens in the Piuwill Collection, 

 and may refer to Kumaon. 



Nidification and Habits. A'othing recorded. 



Lopliophanes rufonuchalis, 



Keij to Subspecies. 



A. Upper and lower breast black and abdomen \_nt(chalis, p. 85. 



ashy ohve L. rnfuinic/iah's rufo- 



B. Upper breast black ; lower breast and abdo- 



men asliy olive L. r. hcavani, p. 8G. 



(66) Lophophaues rufonuclialis rufonuchalis. 

 The Simla Black-Tit. 



Parus rufoHHchalis Blytli, J. A. S. B., xviii, p. SIO (1849) (Simla). 

 Lophojihanes rufonuchalis. Blauf. & Oates, i. p. 58. 



Vernacular names. None recorded. 



Description. Ear-coverts, under the eye and a stripe down the 

 neck Avhite; remainder of bead and neck, breast and a broad baud 

 down the abdomen black ; nuchal spot white, tinged with ferru- 

 ginous next the back; upper plumage olive-green ; lower abdomen 

 and sides of the body ashy-olive ; under tail-coverts and axillaries 

 cliestnut ; under wing-coverts pale fulvous. 



Colours of soft parts. Iris dark brown ; legs, feet and bill black. 



Measurements. Length about 130 mm.; wing 73 to 77 mm.; tail 

 about 55 mm. ; tarsus nearly 20 mm. ; culmeu about 10 mm. 



The young have the black i-eplaced with brown and the chestnut 

 with ])ale rufous. 



Distribution. Turkestan and Afghanistan and N.W. Himalayas 

 to Garhwal. 



Nidification. Mr. L. L. Whymper is the only collector who has 

 ever found this bird's nest. He writes : — 



"I found this bird fairly common at 10,000 feet and upwards 

 in the Bhaghirattie Valley, where Brooks got a nest with young 



