TKOCHALOPTERUM. 179 



above it. The lores and whole crown to nape are dusky brown ; 

 the chin is nearly white and the centre of the abdomen also is 

 white. 



Colours of soft parts. Iris dark red ; bill black ; legs dusky 

 (BourdUIon). 



Measurements about the same as fairbanJci. 



Distribution. North Travancore ; there are specimens in the 

 British Museum from Chinnipanni, the Patnas, Mynall and the 

 Tinnevally boundary, and Mr. J. Stewart obtained it at the 

 Autchincoil Gap on the Ghats. 



Nidification. Mr. J. Stewart appears to be the only collector 

 who has seen the nest of this bird. He describes it as just like 

 most nests of cacJiinnans -, it was taken at about 3,000 feet. The 

 eggs are more Thrush-like than are those of any other of the South 

 Indian Laughing-Thrushes, and might be matched in colour by 

 many eggs of Menda similUma. The ground-colour is a veiy pale 

 blue-green, and the markings consist of ratlier numerous blotches, 

 smeaz's and spots of reddish brown, mostly on the larger end, 

 where in one egg they form a dense ring. The three eggs average 

 about 25-5 x 19'1 mm. I expect these eggs are somewhat abnormal 

 in coloration. 



Habits. Those of the preceding bird. 



(170) Trouhalopterum virgatum. 



The Manipub Stbeakkd Laughing-Thbush. 



Trochalofderon virqatum Godw.-Aust., P. Z. S., 1874, p. 46 (Razaiui, 

 Naga Hills) ; Blanf. & Gates, i, p. 100. 



Vernacular names. Dao-phere (Cachax-i). 



Description. Point of the forehead and a long supercilium 

 extending to the nape white; lores ferruginous; cheeks, lower 

 part of ear-coverts and under the eye fulvous-white ; upper part 

 of ear-coverts ferruginous, vvith pale shaft-streaks ; crown, nape, 

 mantle, lesser wing-coverts and sides of the neck reddish brown, 

 with very white shafts; lower back, scapulars, rump and upper 

 tail-coverts ashy-brown, with white shafts ; tail olive-brown, dis- 

 tinctly cross-rayed; the outer feathers tipped with white; greater 

 wing-coverts chestnut, with white shafts and tips ; primary-coverts 

 pale rufous, with white shafts and brown tips ; winglet deep ashy, 

 with the outer webs white along the shafts; wiugs ashy; the 

 middle feathers washed with chestnut and the inner secondaries 

 edged with paler ashy ; chin and throat deep chestnut, shading 

 off into yellowish-buflf on the remainder of the lower plumage, all 

 the feathers witli white shafts. 



Colours of soft parts. Legs and feet pale horny or fleshy, the 

 soles paler and more yellow ; bill dark brown, paler at the gape ; 

 iris hazel-brown ; orbital skin dusky plumbeous. 



Measurements. Length about 250 mm. ; wing 85 to 89 mm. ; 



n2 



