MOLPASTES. 383 



c '. Chin, tliroat and upper 



breast deep black M. h, burrnanicus, p. 385. 



(/". Chin and upper tliroat only 



black M. h. nigripileus, p. 386. 



c'. Eav-coveits -wliitisli like the 

 lower plumage ; point of chin 

 only black M. h. chrysorrhoides, p. 387. 



b. Black of crown extending into hind- 



neck and back and not sharply 

 defined from brown of latter. 

 d'. Black extending far on to back 



and breast M. h. be^iyalensis, p. 387. 



e' . Black extending- only on to hind- 

 neck and shading into brown on 



breast M. h. intennedms, p. 389. 



A. Under tail-coverts yellow. 



c. Forehead and long crest liair- 



brown, each feather edged with [p. 389. 



greyish white M. leucofieiiys leucogenys, 



d. Forehead and crown black ; no 



crest 31. I . leucofis, p. 390. 



e. Forehead and crown with short 



full crest black M. I. humii, p. 391. 



(398) Molpastes hsemorrhous hsemorrhoiis. 



The Ceylon Eed-tented Bulbul, 



Muscicapa hfsniorrhoiis Grael., S. N., i, p. 941 (1789) (Ceylon). 

 Molpastes JKenwrrhous. Blanf. & Gates, i, p. 268. 



Vernacular names. Bulbul or Bulhuli (HiiiJ.) ; Plgli-pitta 

 (Tel.) ; Konda-luti (Tarn.), 



Description. The whole head, chin and throat deep black, 

 sharply defined at tlie back of the head ; neck, back, wing-coverts, 

 scapulars and breast brown, each feather narrowly margined with 

 whitish ; rump plain brown ; upper tail-coverts white ; tail brown 

 at base, darkening and becoming black towards the end, tipped 

 white ; wing-quills hrovvn, very narrowly margined with whitish ; 

 sides of body and flanks brown fading to almost white on abdomen; 

 under tail-coverts crimson ; shafts of tail-feathers whitish beneath. 



Colours of soft parts. Iris hazel to dark brown ; bill black ; 

 legs and feet dark brown to black. 



Measurements. Total length about 200 mm. ; wing 85 to 

 95 mm. ; tarsus about 21 mm. : culmen about 15 mm. 



Distribution. Ceylon and South India, Travancore and Mysore. 

 North about up to 18° on the East and to about 20° on the West. 



Nidification. This Bulbul breeds over the Avhole of its area in 

 the plains and the foot-hills of the various ranges up to about 

 2,000 feet, ascending much higher than this in any hills where big 

 towns, cultivation and big open plains have usurped the place of 

 jungles and forests. In Ceylon they are commonly found up to 



