431^ CEETHIID^, 



Habits. Those of the genus. Whitehead says: — "The call 

 note is a faint squeak, rarely heard in winter. In summer its 

 loud but rather monotonous song is constantly uttered. It does 

 not by any means restrict itself to trees. I haA^e often noticed 

 it climbing up walls." 



This Tree-Creeper is found up to 12,000 feet in summer but, 

 on the other hand, in winter descends to 4,000 feet or lower still 

 in the Afghanistan and Baluchistan Hills. 



(446) Certhia himalayana yunnanensis. 



The Yunnan Tree-Creeper. 

 Certhia yunnanensis Sharpe, Bull. B.O.C.,xiii, p.ll (1902) (Yunnan). 



Vernacular names. None recorded. 



Description. Similar to C. h. Jiimalai/ana but with the whole 

 upper plumage very black without any ferruginous tint. Below 

 it is dull smoky-grey, albescent on the chin and throat. 



Colours of soft parts not recorded. In the dry skin they do 

 not differ from the same parts in typical liimalayana. 



Measurements. Wing 68 to 71 mm. ; tail 58 mm. ; tarsus 17 to 

 18 mm. ; culmen 19 to 20 mm. 



Distribution. Yunnan and Northern Shan States. 



Nidiftcation unknown. 



Habits. This bird was found by Eippon to be fairly numerous 

 at heights varying between 7,000 and 9,000 feet in Yunnan. 



(447) Certhia himalayana intermedia. 



Tiiii Chin Hills Tree-Ckeeper. 



Certhia himnlai/and intermediu Kiniiear, Bull. B. 0. C, xli, p. 139 

 (191^1) (Mt. Victoria). 



Vernacular names. None recorded. 



Description. Similar to the Yunnan Tree-Creeper but with a 

 distinct rufous tinge on the rump and lower back. It is closer to 

 this last Tree-Creeper than to the Himalayan bird. 



Colours of soft parts are apparently the same as in lumalayana. 



Measurements. Wing 65 to 73 mm, ; tail 55 to 72 mm. ; tarsus 

 16 to 17 mm.; culmen 17 to 19 mm. 



Distribution. Chin Hills only so far as is known at present. 



Nidification and Habits. Nothing recorded. 



Certhia familiaris. 



In India we have three races representative of the Common 

 European Tree-Creeper which are found from North-West India 

 to South-East Tibet and North-East Kachin Hills. 



