354 THE STRUCTURE AND LIFE OF BIRDS chap. 



The East and West Migration. 



There is not only a migration from north to south, 

 but from the far east of Asia to the west of Europe. 

 Richard's Pipit, a bird which occasionally reaches 

 England, nests on the steppes of Eastern Turkestan 

 and east of Lake Baikal. In winter considerable 

 numbers are found in the south of France and in 

 Spain. The Little Bunting's summer quarters are in 

 Russia and never further west than Lake Onega, 

 whence its range extends eastward to the Pacific 

 coast. In the south-east of France it occurs almost 

 every autumn. Five years ago more than thirty 

 specimens had been obtained in Heligoland. The 

 Royston Crows, that breed in the far east of 

 Siberia, migrate westward in winter. Many come 

 to the east coast of England, but, before they have 

 crossed our island, turn southward and, probably, 

 make for France. Migrants from the east on reach- 

 ing the west coast of France or Spain turn southwards 

 and steer for Africa. There is no corresponding 

 migration from west to east ; no birds from western 

 Europe go to Russia or China for the winter. In the 

 cold season they seek a more genial clime, and a 

 bird in Siberia can find this equally by flying west 

 or south. 



The Return Route. 



The route for the journey home is not always the 

 same as for the journey out. According to Herr 

 Gatke, those that in autumn travel from the east 



