ae TE 
ere TEs 
8 ORD. I. Conifere. PINUS LARIX, 
are not wholly supplied with this article by the Venetians) issues 
‘spontaneously through the bark of this tree, but is more commonly 
obtained by wounding the bark at the distance of about two feet 
from the ground, and inserting in the wound a small canula, 
through which the turpentine flows into proper vessels, which are 
placed for its reception. 
This turpentine is usually thinner than any of the other sorts, 
of a clear whitish or pale yellowish colour, a hot pungent bitterish 
disagreeable taste, and a strong smell, without any thing of the 
aromatic flavour of the Chian kind—The different turpentines re- 
served for consideration here, are the Chian or Cyprus turpentine, 
obtained from Pistacia Terbinthius, (see O. Amentacez) 2. the 
Common, from the Pinus Picea: to this tree is also referred theTere- 
binthina argentoratensis, or Strasburgh turpentine: 3. the Venice 
turpentine: and here we may include the balsamum canadense, or 
Canada balsam, which may be considered as one of the purest of the 
turpentines, and is procured from the Pinus Balsamea, or Balm of 
Gilead Fir. Eg , 
All these turpentines dissolve totally in rectified spirit, but give 
out little to watery menstrua: they become miscible with water, 
into a milky liquor, by the mediation of the yolk or white of an 
egg, and more effectually by mucilages. Distilled with water, they 
yield a notable quantity of a subtile penetrating essential oil, vul- 
garly called spirit; a yellow or blackish resin remaining in the still, 
which is the common rosin of the shops. The essential oil, on 
being distilled in a retort, becomes more subtile, and in this state is 
called ethereal oil of turpentine. 
All the turpentines have been considered as hot stimulating corro- 
borants and detergents, qualities which they possess in common. * 
They stimulate the first passages, and prove laxative; and we are 
told by Dr. Cullen, that-half an ounce or an ounce of Venice tur- 
pentine, triturated with the yolk of an egg, and diffused in water, 
* Venice turpentine is thought to be the most powerf ully diuretic and detergent ; 
the Cyprus and Strasburgh kinds the most corroborant. 
