434 LEPIDOPTERA 



SO highly adapted for the tasting of sweets that it is difficult to 

 recognise in tliem the parts usually found in the maxilla of 

 niandibulate Insects. Uriocephrda in both these respects connects 

 the Lepidoptera with Mandibulata : the mandil»les have been 

 shown by Walter ^ to be fairly well developed ; and the maxillae are 

 not developed into a proboscis, but liave each two separate, differen- 

 tiated — not elongated — lobes, and an elongate, five-jointed, very 

 flexible palpus. The moths feed on pollen, and use their 

 maxillae for the purpose, somewhat in the style ^\■e have men- 

 tioned in Prodoxidae. The wings have no frenulum, neither 

 have they any slioulder, and they probably function as separate 

 organs instead of as a united i)air on each side : the modification 

 of the anterior parts of the hind wing — whereby this wing is 

 reduced as a fiying agent to the condition of a subordinate to the 

 front wing — does not here exist : the Innd wing differs little from 

 the front wing in consequence of the parts in front of the cell being 

 well developed. There is a small jugum. These characters have 

 led Packard to suggest that the Eriocephalidae should be separated 

 from all other Lepidoptera to form a distinct sulj-Order, Lepidoptera 

 Laciniata." The wing-characters of Uriocej^hala are repeated — as 

 to their main features — in Hepialidae and Micropterygidae ; but 

 l)Oth these groups differ from Eriocqihala as to the structure of 

 the mouth-parts, and in their metamorphoses. Although Erlu- 

 cepltala calthdla is one of our 

 most abundant moths, occur- 

 ring in the spring nearly every- 

 where, and l)eing easily found 

 on account of its hal)it of sit- 

 ting in buttercup-fiowers, yet 

 its metamorphoses were till 

 recently completely unknown. 

 Dr. Chapman has, however, 

 been able to give us ^omQ ^'''- ;-^^--}^^-'''^ ''\ ^^1'%^'^'^'^ 



*^ . (Alter Chapman.) A, Voung larva from 



information as to the habits side, x 50 ; B, portion of skin with a bulla 



and structure of the larvae, in ^y. '''■'^^■^^'^ appendage : ., aMominal foot 



ot larva. 



both of which points the crea- 

 ture is niost interesting. The eggs and young larvae are " quite 



1 Walter, Jena. Zcitschr. Xaturw. xviii. 18S5. He did not distinguish Erio- 

 ccphala as a genus, as we have explained on ]>. 308. 

 - Amcr. XaturuL xxix. 1895, pp. 636 and 803. 



