564 



HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA 



very protracted passage are not forthcoming. The develop- 

 ment in Kepa has been studied to a certain extent. The 

 apical stigmata are the only pair of the abdominal stigmata 

 that exist in the imago of JVepa, the other six pairs being- 

 obliterated ; the third, fourth, and fifth, according to Schiodte, in 

 a very peculiar manner : hence, as Martin says,-^ the respiratory 

 system is metapneustic. In an earlier stage of the life, however, 

 these six pairs of stigmata exist in functional activity placed in 

 a groove on the under surface of the body ; so that the condition 

 is that termed peripneustic, and remains so till tlie final moult, 

 when the long siphon appears. In the early life there is a 

 short prolongation from the end of the body in connection with 

 the pair of grooves alluded to, but it is a single unpaired organ, 

 and does little therefore to explain the appear- 

 ance of the siphon, which must, at present, be 

 considered as being suddenly developed at the 

 last moult. 



The eggs of Xepidae are remarkable objects ; 

 that of the common w^ater-scorpion bears seven 

 filaments at one end (Fig. 277); while that of 

 Ranatra is more elongate, and bears only two, 

 very elongate, threads. These eggs are deposited 

 in the stems of water-plants, being introduced 

 therein, so that the body of the egg is concealed 

 while the threads project : those of Banatra are 

 placed in stems floating on the water, and in 

 consequence of the threads the stems look as if 

 they were infested by some fungus. The struc- 

 of ture and formation of the e^gs have been 

 (Aftei^vorrchX) investigated with consideral)le detail by Kor- 

 schelt." He looks on the filaments as pneu- 

 matic, and considers that they supply a coating of air to the 

 body of the egg ; they consist of a spongy mass encircled by two 

 layers of egg-shell, both of these latter being peculiar in struc- 

 ture ; the spongy mass is continuous with a layer of the same 

 kind of substance placed on the interior of the shell of the body 



FiQ, 



^ Bull. Soc. Plnlomat. (8) v. 1893, p. 57. There is some diversity of oiunion 

 as to the respiratory orifiees, and some authorities say that thoracic stigmata exist 

 even in the imago. 



- Ada Ac. Geriuan, li. 1887, p. 224, and Zritschr. u-iss. Zool. xliii. 1886, p. 537. 



