20 



4. A Second Strawberry Leaf-Roller (Exarkma (Tortrix) permundana, Clemens.) 



Tliis species was found in immense numbers attacking Mr. Bishop's strawberry vines 

 in 1868 and 9, along with the "crown borers" alrea'dy described. All these leaf rollers 

 have the habit of rolling up the leaves and fastening them with silken threads, and living 

 within the enclosure, but this little creature prefers taking the flowers, expanded and 

 unexpanded, and bringing them together with silken threads into a sort of ball, it feasts 

 on their substance. This peculiarity makes its attacks much more annoying and 

 destructive than any mere consumption of leaves would be. It is small in size, of a green 

 colour, and with very active habits, wriggling itself quickly out of its hiding place when 

 disturbed. It is the progeny of a small moth, with its fore wings yellowish varied with 

 brown streaks and patches, and darker hind wings, who lays her eggs quite early in the 

 spring, placing them upon the developing leaves, where the newly hatched larvaj may be 

 sure to enjoy an abundance of tender and juicy food, and these attain to nearly their full 

 growth, and are just then capable of most mischief, at the time when the plant is coming 

 into full flower. During 1869, Mr. Bishop must have lost nearly half his crop of straw- 

 berries from this cause alone. We have found this species attacUing the wild strawberry 

 indifferent localities, and have little doubt bui that it is widely disseminated ; but why it 

 should so persistently attack the plants in one locality, and multiply so amazingly there, 

 while comparatively unknown in other places, we are uns.ble to do more than guess at : 

 possibly they may have been kept under in other localities by parasites which feed on 

 them. The larvae of most moths are liable to attack from one or more of such enemies, 

 and we know that this species is not exempt, for several of the larvae which we 

 succeeded in bringing into the chrysalis -state, instead of producing moths, yielded speci- 

 mens of these small parasitic flies instead. 



We are indebted to Mr. 0. V. Riley for determining this species for us. It was 

 described by Dr. Clemens in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, 

 Philadelphia, for August, 1860, where the author states that " the larvaj bind together the 

 terminal leaves of Spiraga." Hence it would appear that this insect does not confine 

 itself to the strawberry as a food plant, and may possiblj' be qiiite a general feeder. 



The chiysalides of this species were of the usual dark brown colour, from which the 

 moths made their escape from the eighth to the twelfth of July. 



5. A Third Strawberry-Leaf Roller {Lozotoenia fragariana Packard.) 



This insect has been reared by Dr. A. S. Packard, of Salem, Mass., from the wild 

 strawberry, and is de.scribed in his "Guide to the Study of Insects." The larva was 

 found in Maine early in June, in folds of the leaves ; the moth appearing about the 

 middle of the same month. The moth is very pretty, and measures, when its wings are 

 expanded, eight^tenths of an inch. Its fore wing-; are red, darker on the outer half, 

 and with a large triangular white spot near the middle of the front edge ; the outer edge 

 of the spot is hollowed out. The outer edge of the wing is pale especially in the middle, 

 and about the same colour as the head and thorax ; the hind wings and abdomen are of a 

 whitish buff, underneath they are whitish. It is quite likely that this species occurs also in 

 Canada, although it has not yet been observed. 



6. Other Strawberry Leaf-Rollers. 

 Fig. 10. 



Several other species have been observed by us 

 affecting the strawberry, all of them green, with pale or 

 dark brown heads, and more or less semi-transparent 

 bodies, sometimes tinged in parts with yellowish." One of 

 these, the o\)lique banded leaf roller Lozonkenia wsaceana, 

 Harris' is a very general feeder, and has been already 

 referred to in the reports of the Entomological Society 

 of Ontario for 1870 and 1871, and to these the reader is 

 referred fer its full history. We shall, however, repro- 

 duce the figures relating to this inssct, as they wUl serve 

 somewhat to illustrate all the leaf-rollers spoken of, since 



