33 



there are ten or twelve of these tubercles, which almost cover the whole surface and 

 from each of the tubercls throughout there arises a single whitish hair. 



" The under surface is of a deeper green than the upper, with a' few short whitish 

 hairs chiefly on 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, Ilth and 12th segments; feet, green ; pro-legs, of 

 which there are three pairs, green also. i o > 



, , 1 " Jt'^, 'T'^ beciime a chrysalis on the 18th of June, and produced the moth on the 

 13th of July. 



^i°- -5- The Moth (Fig. 25), into which this 



caterpillar turns is a remarkably handsome 

 creature ; the fore-wings are almost entirely 

 covered with brilliant metallic green scales, 

 darker below the middle, and paler towards 

 the inner angle ; they are crossed by two ob- 

 lique dark lines. The hind-wings are a dusky 

 grey, without markings. The wings expand 

 about an inch and three quarters. We have 

 usually taken the moth in the month of Au- 

 gust, and have found it in various parts of this 



Province. 



As this species is seldom numerous, it is unnecessary to suggest any remedy. In aU 



probability its numbers are prevented from becoming excessive by some insect paiasite. 



5. The Io Emperor Moth {Hyperchiria varia, Walker). 



Letidoptera-Saturniad^. 



Besides the foregoing, there are two other insects that affect the hop- vine, respectinff 

 ■which we would say a few words before leaving this subject. One of these is so very 

 general a feeder that it can hardly be termed a Hop insect ; it is the larva of what ia 

 commonly known as the Io Emj)eror-Moth, of Harris {Hyperchiria varia, Walker). It 

 feeds indiscriminately upon the leaves of willow, elm, white poplar, cornel, sassafras, 

 cherry and locust, as well as the Hop ; it is even said to eat clover and the leaves of In- 

 dian torn. When first hatched out, tlie caterpillars are dark brown, and covered with 

 bristles; later on. when about a third of an inch in length, their gener.al colour is black, 

 the body being entirely covered with long sharp branching spines, and having two red- 

 dish white lines along the sides. When fully grown, they attain to a length of two and 

 a half inches, and are of a delicate yellowish green colour, with a reddish lateral band, 

 not extending the whole length of the I ody towaids the head ; the spines are then of a 

 pale yellowish green colour, and have an irmtating property, like that of the stinging 

 nettle. Specimens that we have reared formed their cocoons in Sej)tember, and appeared 

 in the perfect state in the following June. The Moth varies very much in the two sexes, 

 but both are remarkably handsome. The male is of a deep yellow colour, with a few 

 darker lines across the fore-wings : the hind-wings are broadly bordered with purplish red 

 next to the body, and have in the middle of each a large and beautiful eye-like blue spot. 

 The female, which is usually larger, has its fore-wings, of a purplish brown colour, with 

 grey transverse lines, and its hind-wings coloured like the male, and with a still larger 

 eye-like spot. 



I Tlie insect is quite common throughout Canada and the Northern States, but never 

 so numerous as to be considered destructive. The Moth is one of our most beautiful 

 species. 



One other insect, to which we just now referred, is one of which we do not know the 

 name, as we have oidy seen it in ius larval .state. 



Oil the 27ili of June, 18G8, abuut a ]iiiit of larva> were sent us by Mr. Wm. Mugrath, 

 of Eriiulale, Credit, which he had l.ikeii tioiii the roots of his hop-plants. They fed upon 

 the crown of the root, at its junction with the stem, and ate out a roundish cavity in it • 

 3 



