63 



In Suctorial Insects there is a wonderful diversity of structure. Bugs, for instance, have the 

 twopairsof side-pieces lengthened out into slonderlancet-likeorgans for piercing,the whole being 

 enclosed in the fleshy elongated lower lip,whieh acts as a sucker. (Fig. •")! </.) In Flies,also,the five 

 .upper organs are turned into lancets sheathedjn the fleshy sucker of the 

 ower lip ; this structure is especially seen in the fierce, blood-thirsty 

 Horse-fly (Tabanus) ; in the common House flies the lancets are want- 

 ing. In Butterflies and Moths the lower jaws are greatly elongated 

 into a delicate instrument for sucking, which is coiled up and hidden 

 from sight when the insect is at rest, but is thrust out and extended 

 to the bottom of long-throated flowers when in action. (Fig. 52.) In all 

 these cases the palpi, or mouth-feelers, also are variously modified. The 

 Fig. .52. other organs 



^- of the mouth 



about which 



we need not 



• *jnow speak in 



■^'particular are 



"the antennae, 



and the difler 



ent kinds of 



eyes. 



We have 

 just now spo- 

 ken of insecte 

 as being divi- 

 ded into two 

 great sections 

 according to 



the structure of the mouth in the perfect insects, viz ,^[S\ictOTia\^(IIaustellat'i) and biting 

 [Matidihdata). These sections arc further subdivided into seven Orders, depending upon the 

 Etructure of the wings. We shall briefly recount the special characteristics of each Order, 

 and then turn from what we fear are dry, even though necessary, details to the considera- 

 tion of our proper subject — Beneficial Insects, 



There is an immense difierenco of opinion among Naturalists with regard to the arrange- 

 ment of these Orders, but as this is a question that does not concern us in thes; Reports we 

 shall not cuter into it, but merely content ourselves with following here the series adopted by 

 Dr. Packard. 



Order 1. Hymenoptera. (Greek : if ymcn a membrane,and Pteronfiwm^). Includes Bees, 

 Wasps, Sawflies, Ants, Ichneumons, etc. Four membranous wings, with few veins or nervules ; 

 Fijr. 53. the hind pair usually the 



smaller. Fig. oS represents a pig. 54 



Saw-fly and its larva; Fig. 

 54 a magnified Ichneumon. 



Order 2. Lepidoptkra. ("Greek : Lfq)h a scale, and Pterona. wing). Includes Butterflies 

 (Fig.Sf).) andMoths. (Fig .")6.) Membranous wings, generally four, entirely covered with scales, 

 antennae almost always composed of numerous minute joints. Huttorflies may bodistinguished 

 frommothsby their club-shaped anteimiB; the latter have these or^'ans of very various form3,but 

 never clubbed or thickened at the extremity. 'Thelarvieareusually called caterpillar8(Fig. 67), 



