6i 



Fig. 55. 



Fig. 57. and are so farailiar to every one that we need not enter into any des- 



cription of them ; they may be distinguished from the false caterpillara 

 of Saw-flies by never having more than eight pairs of Fig. 58. 



legs. The pupa is usually termed a chrysalis 

 (Fig. 58), and sometimes is protected by a cocoon. 



Fig. 60. 



Order 3. Diptera. (Greek: ]l)is twice ; Pkron a wing). In- 

 cludes the common Horse and Flesh-flies, Gnats, Mosquitoes, Crane- 

 flies, etc. Two wings only apparent, the hinder pair being in a rudi- 

 mentary condition, and represented by what are termed 'halteres,' poisers 

 or balancers (Figs. 59 and (.0). The larvae are usually destitute of 

 feet, and are called ' Maggots;' some,however, as the mosquitoes are aqua- 

 tic and actively locomotive. This order, as well as the two preceding, 

 belongs to the Suctorial or Haustellate section of Insects. 



Order 4. CoLEorxERA. (Greek: 

 Cohos a sheath, and tteron a wing). 

 Includes all the various tribes of bee- 

 tles. Four wings usually present, 

 the anteri rpair of which are harden- 

 ed and thickened so as to resemble 

 -^^-^^gg|M|gjt^^^:=^ the substance of the head and thorax, 

 ^^^^^^^^ffi^^^;>^ and are n t adapted for flight, but 

 — ^^f^HEV— ^^ ^Qxm protecting cases (called elytra) 



for the ample hind wings, concealed 

 beneath them. Fig. 61 represents a 

 perfect beetle (c), the larva (a) and 

 pupa (b). The mouth is always far- 



Fi?. 61. 



nished with jaws for biting. 



Order 5. Hemiptera. (Greek: Hemi 

 half, and Pteron a wing.) Includes Bugs, Plant 

 lice, IJoat flies. Cicadas, Cochineal Insects, &c.. 

 Four wings, the anterior pair of which are stiff 

 and hard like those of the beetles, for about half 

 their length, while the remainder is thin ant 

 membranous ; the hinder pair are also mem- 

 branous. The mouth is 

 furnished with a sucker or 

 beak, tlinmgh which they 

 imbibe the fluids, animal or 

 vegetable, upon which they 

 live. (tigs. 62 and 63). 



