48 



readily find the hiding places of the larvae, pierce through the thin covering and capture the 

 worms, thus employing the efiScient aid of our feathered friends in this useful work. One 

 gentleman is reported to take no trouble to remove his paper bandages, merely securing them 

 to the tree and allowing the birds to do the capturing, replacing the paper only when it is 

 torn to shreds. Another prefers to use bands of cloth four inches wide, fastening the end 

 with a tack, he usually finds all the worms by simply turning the edges of the cloth up and 

 dt'Wn without taking off the band. Still another thinks all strings and tacks a bother, and 

 fastens the bandage quite securely by merely tucking the end under. 



With reference to the economy of pnper bandages, Mr. Riley in his fifth annual report, 

 thus writes, " common straw paper 18 x 30 can be bought for 60 cents per bundle. Each 

 bundle contains 240 sheets, and each sheet folded lengthwise thrice upon itself, will give us 

 eight layers between two and three inches wide, and be of sufficient length to encircle most 

 ordinary trees. It is easily drawn around the tree and fastened with a tack, and so cheap that 

 when the time comes to destroy the worms, the bandages containing them may be detached, 

 piled in a heap and burned, and new ones attached in their place. If eight bandages are 

 used to each tree during the season the cost will be just two cents per tree." 



Fig. 36. 



Piff. S7. 



Wier's shingle trap, (see Figs. 36 and 37, 

 36, the trap closed, 37, the same opened), 

 has also been recommended, it is made 

 usually of three pieces of old shingle about 

 a foot long, and from four to six inches 

 wide, fastened together and then nailed or 

 screwed to the tree. In arranging the 

 pieces the narrower ones should be placed 

 next to the tree ; it is also recommended 

 to put a few bits of straw between the 

 ,. shingles so as to keep them slightly apart, 

 experience, however, teaches that this 

 trap is not so efficient or convenient as 

 either of the bandages already referred to. 



Brief Summary. 



While all other available means tending to the lessening of the numbers of the codling 

 moth worms should be unhesitatingly employed, the chief reliance should be placed on the 

 bandages, use strips of cloth, old carpet or sacking where these can be had, but if these 

 materials are not readily procurable use paper or cotton. Bandages should be from four to 

 eight inches wide and either fastened with a string or with a tack at the end, and will be all 

 the better if long enough to go twice around the tree ; they should be fastened about half way 

 up the trunk of the tree some time during the latter part of June, and be examined every ten 

 days from the first of July until the last of August and at least once after the crop is secured. 

 Care must be taken in unwinding the bandies to prevent the worms from escaping by drop- 

 ping to the ground, which they readily do when their cocoons are thus torn asunder. A 

 common clothes wringer, to pass the bandages through, is one of the readiest and surest 

 methods of destroying the worms ; and in this way the bandages can be rapidly handled and 

 re-applied. Be careful to scrape the rough bark off old trees so that the worms may not find 

 suitable hiding places either in descending or ascending the trunk until they reach the band- 

 age ; attend to these instructions regularly and thoroughly, and try and induce all your neigh- 

 bours to follow your example and rest assured that good results will attend united effort. 



Parasites recently discovered. 



To Mr. Riley, of St. Louis, belongs the honour of being the first to discover true para- 

 sites affecting the codling moth worm, descriptions of which are given in his Fifth Annua 1 

 Report (873). " Both of them are Ichneumon tiies .' nd the first may be called 



