side view of a single joint of the mature caterpillar enlarged ; the longitudinal lines are 

 fewer in number, but broader an<l more distinct. 



The chrysalis is much tougher than that of the former species, being formed of 

 densely spun silk of a buft' colour, interwoven on the outside with particles of earth. 



In the male moth, a fig. 4, the antennae kave 

 ^jC^^' a greater number of joints, there being fifty or 

 more in this species, whereas in rcrnata there are 

 not quite forty. The wings are less transparent but 

 more glossy, the fore wings brownish gray but 

 of a darker hue than in the other species, and are 

 crossed by two more regular whitish bands, the 

 ouier one enlarging near the apex, where it forms a large pale spot. The hind wings are 

 grayish brown, with a faint central blackish dot, and usually a more or less distinct white 

 lianil crossing them. 



The female, also, has a correspondingly greater number of joints in her antennas ; 

 the abdomen in both sexes is without spines, and that of the female terminates bluntly 

 and is without an ovipositor. In fig. -4 b represents the female moth, d a segment of her 

 abdomen, and c a portion of one of the autennse. 



Where the canker worms are numerous they are very destructive to apple trees, but 

 are by no means confined in their operations to this particular tree ; they also attack the 

 plumj the cherry the elm and a variety cff "other trees. In most localities where they 

 occur they multiply rapidly, often enormously, and do an amount of damage correspond- 

 ing with their numbers. The very young worms on the trees are seldom noticed, but as 

 tliey accpiire age and increasing voracity the ridilled and seared appearance of the foliage 

 speaks unmistakably of their presence. In the New England States they have been a 

 terrible pest for many yeai-<>, and are now becoming plentiful in portions of Ontario 

 particularly in some parts of the Niagara district. 



Remedies. 



In order to attack an enemy with success it is very essential that we know his vul 

 nerable points. In the case of tliese insects, since the females are without wings, if they 

 can be prevented from crawling up the trees to deposit their eggs a great point will be 

 gained. Various measures liave been recommended and employed to secure this end, 

 and these remedies usually belong to one of two classes : , first, those which prevent the 

 ascension of the moth by entangling her feet and holding her there or by drowning her ; 

 and second, those which endeavour to accomplish the same end by preventing her from 

 getting a foothold, and causing her repeatedly to fiill to the ground until she becomes 

 exhausted and dies. 



The first class of remedies are probably the most effectual, and tar, applied either 

 directly around the body of the tree or on strips of ohl canvas or stiff paper, is probably 

 one of the cheapest and best of these. Refuse sorghum molasses, printers' ink or slow 

 drying varnishes have also been recommended for use in the same manner. Tin, lead 

 and rubber troughs to contain oil, belts of cotton wool, &c., also belong to this class of 

 remedies, and have all been u.sed with more or legs success. In the use of any of the first 

 named sticky snbstances it shoukl be burne in mind that they must be kept sticky by 

 frequent renewal of the surface in all mild weather or the application will be useless ; they 

 should also be applied as eai-ly as the latter part of October and kept on until the leaves 

 are well expanded in the following spring. It must also be remembered that some of the 

 moths, defeated in their attempts to climb the tree, will deposit their eggs near the ground 

 or anywhere, in fact, below the application, and that the tiny young worms hatched from 

 them will pass without difficulty through a very slight crevice ; hence, whether troughs or 

 bandages are used, precautions must be taken to till up all the irregularities of surface in 

 the rough bark of the trees, so that no openings be left through which they may pass. 

 Cotton wool answers well in many cases for this purpose. 



The second class of remedies consist of various ingenious designs for coll.irs of metal, 

 wood or glass fastened around the tree, and sloping downwards like an inverted funnel. 

 These, although they prevent the moths from asiu-nding the trees, offer little or no ob- 



