264 HOUSEHOLD INSECTS 



References to Economic Literature on the Grain Weevils 



1869. Walsh, B. D., and Riley, C. V. — Poisonous flour. Amer. 



Ent., Vol. 1, p. 179. 

 1897. Chittenden, F. H. — Some insects injurious to stored grain. 



Farmers' Bull. 45, U. S. Dept. Agri., pp. 4-6. 



1911. Hinds, W. E., and Turner, W. F. — Life history of the rice 

 weevil (Calandra oryzce) in Alabama. Jr. Ec. Ent., Vol. 4, 

 pp. 230-236. 



1912. Sanderson, E. D. — Grain-weevils. Insect pests of farm, 

 garden, and orchard, pp. 186-187. 



1912. Girault, A. A. — Insects injurious to stored grains and their 

 ground products. Bull. 156, Illinois Expt. Stat., pp. 80-81. 



FRUIT-FLIES 



Drosophila sps. 



Fifty-nine species of the genus Drosophila have been 

 listed as occurring in North America. Over thirty of 

 these have been recorded from the United States. Some 

 of these species, as D. funebris, D. graminum, and D. 

 transversa, are also common to Europe. D. ampelophila 

 is also recorded from South Europe and North Africa. 

 The flies of the genus Drosophila, for the most part, breed 

 in decaying and fermenting fruit. The slender white 

 maggots are found in pomace, about cider mills, and they 

 are abundant about vinegar factories, often working into 

 the barrels around the openings. The flies are always 

 abundant in the fall about grapes, bananas, pears, and 

 other fruits, especially if the fruit has begun to decay. 

 If the fruit is left standing in the pantry or on the side- 

 board, it is almost sure to become infested with these tiny 

 flies, and no amount of ordinary screening will keep them 

 out because they go through the meshes of common wire 



