B84 



DIPTERA. 



distinct ocelli on the sides of the frontal tubercle. The species 

 uppear in swarms, fljing up and down in their mazy dances, 

 especially at twilight early in spring, though the}' may be seen 

 late in autumn and on warm da^'s in winter. They live in de- 

 caying vegetable matter. Pedicia 

 is a gigantic crane-fly, embracing 

 the largest flies of the family, 

 and with Trichocera is the only 

 Fig- 20^- genus of this family having ocelli. 



P. alhivitta has hyaline wings, with the costa, the fifth longi- 

 tudinal vein and the central cross veins margined with brown. 

 The body is 1.4 of an inch in length. The lar^a of an Euro- 

 pean species lives in well water. 



The genus Cylindrofoma and its allies, resemble Tipula in 

 the course of the veins lying in the vicinity of the stigma, and 

 Osten Sacken illustrates the re- ^ 



semblances by the accompanying _^^^^ 



drawings, of which Fig. 303 rep- '^-— 



resents the venation near the 

 stigma of Cylindrotoma ; Fig. ^'S- 3"*- 



;504 that of the European Phalacrocera replicata, closely allied 

 to the preceding genus, and Fig. 305 that of a genuine Tipula. 

 Phjchoptera is rather stout-bodied and has a singular mem- 

 l)ranous spatulate organ, ciliated on the margin, whicii is 

 inserted at the base of the halteres. (Osten Sacken.) P. rv- 

 I'ochicta O. S. is black with reddish bands on the feet. 



The larva of the European P. paludosa has a long respira- 

 tory tube at the end of the body, which it raises to the surface 



of the water, and in the pupa 

 "one of the hoi'ny processes 

 which distinguishes the thorax of 

 all the pupre of the Tipulida'. . 

 is enormously prolonged, like- 

 Fig- 303. wise, for the purpose of breath- 

 ing under water. (Osten Sacken.) The very singular genus 

 Bittncomorpha is an aberrant form, resembling the neu- 

 ropterous Bittacus. The antennae consist of twenty joints, 

 and the first joint of the tarsi is very much thickened, Avhile 

 the abdomen is very long and slender. B. davipes Fabr. is 



