580 NEUROPTEKA. 



suborder. It agrees with most other genera of the group in 

 having a long cesophagus, whicli is dilated posteriorly into a 

 spacious proventriculus, which extejids as far back as the lifth 

 abdominal segment. The large intestine presents a large con- 

 volution, and abruptly dilates into an oval or fusiform cax'um 

 in its lower third, which latter opens into the rectum. In 

 some genera there is a long sucking stomach inserted on one 

 of the sides. In Corydahis this is only present in the pupa, 

 and is aborted in the imago ; so also in the larva the ''proven 

 tricuhis, with its apparatus of stomachal teeth," is adapted to 

 the carnivorous habits of the insect, but in the pupa the teeth 

 disappear, ''while in the imago we find the oesophagus again 

 lengthened, still contracted at its commencement, but gradu- 

 ally dilating until it forms a capacious Florence flask-shaped 

 proventriculus, or gizzard." (See Fig. 45.) 



'■'■ With, the Perlidce the gizzard is wanting, but the upper 

 extremit}'^ of the stomach has from four to eight Cfcca point- 

 ing forwards. With the Libellulidm the oesophagus is long 

 and large, and protrudes somewhat into the straight, oblong, 

 constricted stomach, which is without coeca, and is succeeded 

 by a very short ileum and colon. The digestive tube of the 

 li^ljhemeridce^ which in their perfect state take no food, is 

 feebly developed. Its walls are very thin throughout, and the 

 cesophagus is directly contiauous with the stomach, which is a 

 bladder-like dilation, and succeeded b}' a short, straight intes- 

 tine. The predatory Pano rjyidce , which are rapacious, differ 

 :)otably from the other Neuroptera, and resemble rather the 

 preceding order (Orthoptera). The oesophagus is short and 

 straight, and in the thorax is succeeded by a spherical muscu- 

 Lar gizzard which, is lined internally with a brown chitinons 

 membrane covered with stiff htiirs. The stomach is tubular 

 and straight ; the ileum makes two convolutions before pass- 

 ing into the long colon." (Siebold.) In Lepisma the oesoph- 

 agus terminates in a "kind of crop, which is succeeded by a 

 globular gizzard provided with six teeth." 



There are two simple, short, salivary glands in the Sialida', 

 while in the Ph.ry(janeid(e and Hemerobidm "they are 

 ramified and highly developed. It is quite remarkable that 

 there is, in this respect, a sexual difference with the Pa nor- 



