84 THE CLASS Of insects. 



the first, supported two additional legs equally well formed as 

 the true one." 



The wings are often partiall}' aborted and deformed ; this is 

 especially noticeable in the wings of butterflies and moths. 

 Mr. F. G. Sanborn has described and 

 figured a wing of a female of JJhelhda 

 ludnoHa Bnrm. (Fig. 69), in which 

 among other deformities "tlie ptero- 

 ^''o- ^^- stigma is shorter and broader than that 



of the opposite Aving, and is situated about one-eighth of an inch 

 only from the nodus, only oie cubital vein occurring between 

 them, instead of fourteen as in the opposite wing." (Proceed- 

 ings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. xi, p. i52G.) 



Directions for Collkcting and Preserving Insects. 

 Insects ditfer sexually in that the female generally {ii)pears to 

 have one abdominal ring less (one ring disappearing during the 

 i-emi-pupa state, when the ovipositor is formed), and in l)eing 

 larger, fuller, and duller colored than the males, while the lat- 

 ter often differ in sculpture and ornamentation. In collect- 

 ing, Avhenever the two sexes are found united they should be 

 l)inned ui)on the same pin, the male being placed highest. 

 When Ave take one sex alone, Ave ma}^ feel sure that the other 

 is somcAvhere in the vicinity ; perhaps Avhile one is flying about 

 so as to be easily captured, the other is hidden under some 

 leaf, or resting on the trunk of some tree near by, Avhich must 

 be examined and every bush in the vicinity A'igorously beaten 

 by the net. Many species rare in most places have a metropolis 

 where they occur in great abundance. During seasons Avhen 

 his fiivorites are especially abundant the collector should lay 

 up a store against years of scarcity. 



At no time of the year need the entomologist rest from his 

 labors. In the Avinter, under the bark of trees and in moss he 

 can find many species, or on trees, etc., detect their eggs, Avhich 

 he can mark for observation in the spring when the^^ hatch out. 



He need not relax his endeavors day or night. Mothing is 

 night employment. Skunks and toads entomologize at night. 

 Early in the morning, at suurise, when the dcAv is still on 

 the leaves, insects are sluggish and easily taken Avith the hand ; 



