TINEID^. 353 



the leaf becomes folded and curved at the place mined, and the 

 separated cuticle is gathered into folds, or covers the curved 

 portion so as to make a capacious habitation. Some of the 

 miners of the upper surface of leaves make large blotches, or 

 tracts, and when the mines are fresh the separated cuticle is 

 whitish and very noticeable. The miners of the under surface, 

 cause the upper cuticle to become discolored in patches, and 

 this with the fold of the side of the leaf is often sufficient to 

 indicate the presence of a mine. Usually the species are con- 

 fined to a single plant ; some, however, feed on several allied 

 plants. The larva seldom quits the mine and changes in it 

 to a pupa. Some species either make no cocoon or only a very 

 slight one, and others make one of grains of excrement woven 

 together with silk. L. Fitcliella Clemens (Argyromiges querci- 

 foliella Fitch) is silvery white, with pale reddish saffron fore 

 wings, slightly tinged with a brassy hue. It feeds on the oak, 

 according to Dr. Fitch. 



L. salicifoUeUa Clemens during the latter part of June or 

 early in July mines the under surface of the leaves of the yel- 

 low willow (Salix vitellina var. alba). L. jvglandieUa makes 

 an elongated, rather wide tract on the upper surface of the 

 leaves of the black walnut. 



During the last summer the larva of an iindescribed species, 

 which we may call LithocoUetis geminatella (Plate 8, fig. 15 ; a, 

 larva ; b, pupa ; c, its mine, the first three figures enlarged six 

 diameters) was abundant on the apple and pear trees. The 

 moth is of a dark slate gray, without any prominent markings, 

 with ochreous hairs on the top of the head. There is a black 

 round spot on the middle of the inner edge of the wing (omit- 

 ted in the figure, which is drawn from a slightly rubbed speci- 

 men). On the outer edge is an eye-like spot, pupilled with 

 black, like the "ej^e" in a peacock's tail. The antennae are 

 dark, ringed with a pale slate color. It expands .30 of an inch. 

 The larva is pale livid reddish with a black head and cervical 

 shield, and .14 of an inch in length. It was first discovered 

 about the middle of August, hanging from a branch suspended 

 by a thread. From this time it became abundant, until the 

 leaves began to fall in the first week of October ; nearly every 

 leaf on some of the pear and apple trees having a mine like 

 23 



