1 90 Bugs, Cicadas, Aphids, and Scale-insects 



Fig. 258. — Female red orange-scale, Aspi- 

 dioliis autaittti. (Photomicrograph by 

 George O. Mitchell; much enlarged.) 



of kerosene and churiiins^ violently until u thick white cream is formed. 

 Let this cool and jelly; it is the "stock," and will hold for a few weeks; when 



ready to spray, dilute stock with twelve 

 to fifteen times its own bulk of water 

 and spray finel)' over the foliage. The 

 spraying .should be done when the 

 young scales are hatching and crawl- 

 ing about. They are then easily killed 

 b}' contact with even a single fine drop 

 j^^^—i of kerosene. For peach-trees dilute 



NSBjk. ^^1^ ^^^ stock twenty times. 



^^Br •^^^^ ■ Some of the .scale-insects present 



such unu.^u;il conditions of structural 

 modification and of habits that they 

 are, when first met with, difficult to 

 recognize as insects at all. The 

 wa.xen covering may be so irregular and 

 curiously shaped that it gives no clue to the character of the enclosed insect 

 (Fig. 261), but seems to be simply a secretion of the plant in which the insects 

 are found. Or the globular shape and absence of distinct body-parts may 

 make the insects with their hardened blackish cuticle look like small plant- 

 galls; indeed certain scale-insect species were first described by botanists as 

 galls. Some scales live under ground, either in 

 ants' nests or independently; the curious so-called 

 "ground-pearls," small spherical shining bodies 

 found loo.sely scattered in the soil in certain tropic 

 regions, and really collected to be strung on threads 

 or necklaces, are the strangely modified bodies of 

 MargiiroJcs jormkaritm, a scale-insect. Taken alto- 

 gether, probably no other family of insects e.xceeds 

 the Coccids in the extremes of strange specializa- 

 tions. 



Closely related to the plant -lice and scale- 

 insects are the mealy-winged flies, constituting the 

 family Aleyrodidae. The adults (Fig. 262), exce])t 

 of two or three of the most abundant species, are 

 rarely seen even by professional entomologists, but 

 careful search will reveal in almost any locality the 

 curious little box-like elliptical bodies of the young 

 (Fig. 263), usually shining black, with [jure-white 

 waxen rods, filaments, or tufts. E.xamined under a good magnifier, the 

 wax-tufted cases are e.xquisite objects. These young mealy-wing flies look 



Fig. 25Q. — Female rose- 

 scale, Diaspis rosa. 

 (Photomicrograph b y 

 George O. Mitchell; 

 much enlarged.) 



