38o 



The Moths and Butterflies 



Fu 



540. 



Torlrii i(l>, l)ut the majority of rolled up leaves so commonly seen on shrubs 

 and trees arc the homes of these larv;t. A number of species belonging to 

 the genus Cacoecia are among the commonest and most important of these 

 because the\' prefer the leaves of a])])le, plum, and cherry trees, and currants, 

 raspberries, gooseberries, strawberries, cranberries, roses, etc., rather than 



those of trees and shrubs 

 —-■ — ^-^^'^-^^■^ whose healthfulncss is not 



so im])ortant to us. The 

 larvx of Cacoecia rosaceana, 

 the oblique-banded Icaf- 

 roller, jiale yellowish-green 

 cater|)illars f inch long, dis- 

 figure and injure many kinds 

 of fruit trees, small fruits, 

 and garden shrubs. The 

 molli e.\[)ands about one 

 inch, and has reddish-brown 

 body, light, cinnamon-brown 

 fore wings crossed by wavy 

 dark-brown lines and ochre- 

 yellow hind wings. Choke- 

 berries, and cultivated cher- 

 ries as well, are often attacked 

 by the cherry-tree leaf-folder, 

 C. ccrasivorana (Fig. 538), whose active yellow larva "fasten together with 

 silken threads all the leaves and twigs of a branch and feed u])on them, 

 an entire brood occupying a single nest. The lar\;e ihange to ])Up;e within 

 the ne.st; and the pupce when about to transform work their way out and 

 hang suspended from the outer portion of the nest." The moths e.xpand 

 from \ to li inch, have bright ochre-yellow wings with brownish spots, and 

 banfls of pale leather-blue on the front ones. 



The oak leaf-roller, C. pen'aJana, similarly makes ugly nests in oak- 

 trees in late summer, each nest consisting of a wad 

 of tied-together leaves. Cranberry-plants are .sometimes 

 attacked by reddish, yellow-headed, warty-backed cater- 

 jiillars, which are the larva; of C. parallcla (Fig. 540), 

 a leaf-roller moth with reddish-orange fore wings crossed 

 diagonally by numerous line lines of a darker red-brown, 

 and a pair of broad oblicjue red-brown bands. The hind 

 wings are pale yellow. 



Notwithstanding the apparently .sutlicient protection afTorded the leaf- 

 rolling larvic by their tightly rolled c\lindrical cases and webby nests, birds 



a a 



Fig. 539. 



Fig. 538. — The cherry-tree leaf-roller, Cacoecia ccra- 

 sivorana. (.After Lugger; natural size.) 



Fig. 530. — Venation of a Torlricid, Cacoecia ccra- 

 sivorana. cs, costal vein; sc, subcostal vein; 

 r, radial vein; m, medial vein; c, cubital vein; 

 o, anal vein, (.\fter Comstork; enlarged.) 



Fig. 540. — The cranberry leaf-roller, Cacoecia paral- 

 Icla. (.After Lugger; natural size.) 



Fig. 541. — The 

 sulphur-colored 

 tortrix, Pichelia 

 siiljureana. (.Af- 

 ter Lugger; nat- 

 ural size.) 



