March 1897.] DVAR : LiFE-HlSTORIES OF N. Y. SlUG CATERPILLARS. 11 



perpendicular, the lateral and subventral areas practically continuous, 

 the latter not retracted, spiracles exposed. Elongate, subcylindrical, 

 the subdorsal ridge marking the change in direction of back and sides ; 

 lateral ridge slight. Horns well developed, irregular, well armed with 

 strongly stinging spines. Subdorsals on joints 3 to 5, 8, 1 1 and 12 long, 

 those on 5, 8, 11 and 12 longest, 6, 7, 9 and 10 very short; lateral 

 horns moderate, those on joints 3 and 4 longest, that on 5 absent. De- 

 pressed spaces feebly developed, (i) to (4) (7) and (8) indicated by 

 obscure dark, impressed dots, (i) paired. Skin densely finely spinulose- 

 granular, the granules colorless. Patches of caltropes are present on 

 the lateral horns of joints 6 to 13 and subdorsal horn of 13, but no de- 

 tachable spines. The larva is very brightly colored. In the first stage 

 the horns have the structure and arrangement of E. delphinii, three 

 setae from the apex of each. 



This larva stands near Sibine stimulea in degrees of specialization. 

 Its skin structure is higher, but the detachable spines are absent and the 

 coloration is less diversified. It is, therefore, on the whole, a little 

 lower than Sibine. It stands, perhaps, nearest the main stem of the 

 spined Eucleids of any of our species. The horns at maturity are 

 scarcely modified in relative proportions from the condition in stage I ; 

 the primitive bright warning colors are present and the urticating spines 

 are in full functional activity, neither as yet affected by degeneration. 

 The shape is more like that of an ordinary lepidopterous larva than 

 usual. Therefore, we may regard E. indetermina as, on the whole, 

 most like the ancestor of the spined Eucleids of any New York species, 

 exclusive of Phobetron pithecium, which represents a still older con- 

 dition. 



Affinities, Habits, etc. 



This species is a typical representative of the group of spined 

 Eucleids. Its near allies are found throughout South America and in 

 India. Our nearest species is Eiiclea delphinii. The moth, however, 

 so closely resembles that of Parasa chloris that the two species were for 

 a long time confounded. They were separated by Grote in 1881, but 

 Herrich-Schaeffer's figure was not correctly identified. It was sug- 

 gested by Andrews, from the structure of the larva, that the species 

 should be placed in Euclea rather than in Parasa, and this opinion is 

 confirmed by the venation of the moth. 



E. indetermina has a suuthern range. It occurs around New York 

 City, but seems to be entirely absent from the Hudson valley. It is 

 rather local in its appearance, often being common in certain localities 



