240 Journal New York. Entomological Society. [Vni. vii. 



these species alone of the spined Eucleids retain the middle thoracic 

 wart atid possess a primitive iirst stage, all as in the smooth Eucleids 

 on branch a. At F it is probable that bright " warning " colors be- 

 came prominent along with the development of true stinging spines. 

 At present these are well retained only in two species, Euclea inde- 

 tennina and Sihine s/iinulea, and these two are the only ones that are 

 strongly urticating to the touch. 



The smooth Eucleids present the two very different types described 

 in sections 3 and 4 of the table. The first is represented by but a 

 single species in our territory, and no other is at present well known 

 to me. Consequently I cannot decide positively which are the 

 specific and which the congenital characters in this phylum, the 

 more so as our species is highly specialized. Yet it is most impor- 

 tant, for it retains warts in its first stage, thus showing that the smooth 

 Eucleids are descended from wart-bearing ancestors. The other group 

 (Fig. 6, (f) is well represented. In this the primitive first stage is re- 

 tained and the warts are completely cut out at the passage between 

 stages I and II, which thus represents a much greater phylogenetic in- 

 terval than in the otherwise more specialized Prolimacodes scabha. 

 Branch c again divides at d and e on the characters of types 5 and 7 

 of the table. Branch e retains the forked spines of stage I, but de- 

 velops the depressed spaces well; branch d specializes in stage I by 

 the partial loss of spine ii, but retains the small, and more primitive 

 depressed spaces. The two branches are thus about equal, represent- 

 ing a secondary dichotomy. The smaller branches separate on the 

 minor characters of the sculpturing of» the skin and are more fully 

 described in the explanation of the plate below. The present will 

 suffice to illustrate how the tree was constructed. The heights to 

 which the s[)ecific stems are drawn shows my idea of the relative de- 

 grees of specialization. 



Technique of Larva Raising. 

 My experience in this family may be of use to others, especially 

 as the group is considered a difficult one. I have had the valuable as- 

 sistance of Miss Emily L. Morton in first starting these studies. Al- 

 though she was obliged to abandon the plan of joint authorship after 

 the first two articles, yet the whole series is dependent upon the 

 impetus which she gave it at first. Latterly I have been assisted by 

 Mrs. Knopf with the drawings. 



