June, 1903] Coleman: Coccip.« of the Conifer.-e. 79 



On Cobb, Mt. Lake Co., I found a group of yellow pines (Pini/s 

 ponderosa), which was evidently being killed by Aspidiotus califonii- 

 cus. A group of half a dozen trees, about 6 to 8 inches in diameter 

 and 60 to 70 feet high, were literally covered from bottom to top with 

 these Coccidte ; though the trees were still alive, the needles were so 

 pale and discolored as to give the trees a very sick appearance. A 

 few rods from these trees stood another group of three, which had evi- 

 dently succumbed the year previous, as the dead needles were still hang- 

 ing to the limbs. A careful inspection of the trees showed them to 

 be covered with the same species of scale as the neighboring trees 

 and that the injury had not been caused by other insects. A fire had 

 gone through the forest the year before, and although it had destroyed 

 many trees, this group had not been touched, as they stood by the 

 roadside, thus being isolated from the main forest. Hence I think it 

 fair to conclude that the trees were killed by the scale insects. This 

 species, A. califomiciis, is a close second in its abundance and range of 

 distribution in this state to Cliionaspis pinifolia. 



Macnab's cypress (^Ciipressiis iiiaciiLxlnana) is very limited in its 

 distribution and in number of individuals. The group at Clear Creek, 

 Shasta Co., consists of about a dozen small trees, all of which are very 

 badly infested with Dacfy/opiits ditdieyi 3.\\(X Aspidiotus couifcranim var. 

 shashe, so much so that it seems to me this small grove of a very rare 

 species is doomed to speedy extinction. 



Leucaspis kclloi:;i:;i is found on all the species of firs with which I 

 am acquainted and is widely distributed over the state. While no 

 serious injury from this species is apparent, it is sufficiently abundant 

 in most localities to become injurious should the conditions favor its 

 increase. 



The conifer-infesting Coccida^ are most numerous, in both numbers 

 of individuals and species, in the hot interior valleys and on dry hill- 

 sides, at about 1,000 to 3,000 feet elevation, or what corresponds in 

 most cases to the upper Sonoran zone, and usually on the young growth 

 which has been left after lumbering the region, or has come up after 

 a fire has gone through the forest. In the fog belt or the great lum- 

 ber belt of the coast range there are very few sj^ecies or individuals in 

 the virgin forests, but where the region has been lumbered or afire has 

 gone through a few years before they are more numerous. Near the 

 coast they are scarce, except in dry plateaus or hillsides, where some- 

 what protected from the cold ocean breeze. 



