Sept., 1903.J Letcher: Phrvganidia Cai.ikornica. 127 



Pupa. — In addition to the hooks of the cremaster (by which alone 

 the article above cited says it is attached) the pupa has a series pro- 

 ceeding from the dorsum, one pair on 9th abdominal, two on 8th and 

 one on 7th. The attachment is therefore quite rigid and is at first 



sight peculiar in that the pupa faces out, its dorsum being applied to 

 the supporting surface. No recorded observation is familiar to me, 

 but such pupae of the micros as have come to my notice face out and 

 among the macros, pupa; of Ctenucha ochroscapiis assume the same 

 position ; to what extent it may be characteristic of the Heterocera 

 I cannot say. 



The wing-cases are well developed and full and with a shortening 

 dorsally of the 7th abdominal segment cause the dorsal surface to be 

 more or less concave. The 5th and 6th segments are free. The 9th 

 segment disappears ventrally and the loth dorsally, the large loth ster- 

 nite assisting materially in producing the concave dorsum. The wart 

 formation and setae appear in the pupa in a very much reduced state. 



There is a great deal of variability in the extent of the pupal mark- 

 ings, but where they do not occur the pupal case after emergence of 

 the wings is transparent and readily lends itself to a study of the in- 

 terior. In tracing the extent and location of the mouth and head 

 parts it was noted that the clypeus showed internally the structure of 

 the cocoon breaker which occurs in other forms, although there is no 

 suggestion externally of its existence. 



