140 DISINFECTION—STERILIZA TION— DISINFECTANTS 



candles," ''bougies") are the Pasteur-Chamberland (Fig. 

 100) and the Berkefeld. The former are made of unglazed 

 porcelain of different degrees of fineness, the latter of dia- 

 tomaceous earth (Fig. 101). The Handler filter of this same 

 material is now manufactured in the United States and is 

 equal if not superior to the Berkefeld. The designs of com- 

 plete apparatus are numerous. 



Fig. 100. — Pasteur-Chamberland filter candles about one-half natural size. 



8. Burying.— This is a time-honored method of disposing 

 of infected material of all kinds and at first thought might 

 not be considered a means of disinfection. As a matter of 

 fact, under favorable conditions it is an excellent method. 

 The infected material is removed. Pathogenic organisms 

 tend to die out in the soil owing to an unfavorable environ- 

 ment as to temperature and food supply, competition with 

 natural soil organisms for what food there is and the injuri- 

 ous effects of the products of these organisms. Care must 



