58 ir. J. Harris : 



Jf,. Bendigo beds lower than any described in the earlier paper 

 have been recorded South of Fryerstown. In them occur T . fruti- 

 cosus (4-branched form), and D. latns (T. S. Hull). Dr. Hall 

 mentions the latter species as probably indicating Lower Bendigo- 

 nian. This discovery has involved the division of the T. fruficosu-t 

 zone into two — one characterised by the three-branched form, and the 

 other by the four-branched. The question arises as to what differences 

 should te tolerated in any one zone, for between the typical beds 

 of these zones (placed w^ith the lower zone in this paper), are beds 

 containing three and four-branched forms. At Tarilta, Bendigo, 

 and at one outcrop on the Fryers-Chewton Road, the three-branched 

 form is found with D. hifidus, the zonal fossil of the succeeding 

 zone. The same merging of zone into zone is present throughout 

 all the series, and shows that any division of pa-laeontological deve- 

 lopment into stages must not be too arbitrary. While, therefore, a 

 number of zones can be distinguished, yet between all of them are 

 transitional beds which serve to link them. This will be again 

 referred to in this paper. 



IX. Stratigraphical Relations and Typical Sections. 



To obtain a definite idea of the gradual change of facies at the 

 various outcrops it is necessary' to work across the area from east 

 to west. If it were possible to travel in a straight line west from 

 the Elphinstone Tunnel this would involve a Avalk of ten miles. 

 An equally or even more instructive section could be made by start- 

 ing south of Fryerstown and going east to Limestone Creek — a 

 distance of some seven miles; but exposures along this line are less 

 common. In either case the presence of gullies and the concealment 

 of the bed rock by recent alluvium make it necessary to zig-zag 

 and to piece together evidence obtained from north and south of 

 the direct line. The pitch of the numerous small anticlines and 

 synclines being unknown it is impossible to say what the dip will 

 be north ior south of any observed outcrop, the whole country hav- 

 ing, as Dr. HalU has pointed out, a resemblance to a troubled sea, 

 wave succeeding wave in every direction. The surface "drag" of 

 rocks on the east or west slopes of hills make siirface indications of 

 dip almost valueless. To add to the difficulty a dip may change 

 from easterly to westerly without a syncline or an anticline having 

 been observed. The sections included in this paper have there- 

 fore been made diagrammatic. This Avas the more necessary since 

 west of Castlemaine comparatively few observations of dip can be 

 made. 



1 Geol. Castlemaine, i>. 65. 



