ORTHOPTERA OF INDIANA. 181 



The exception noted is that of Saussure who, in his original descrip- 

 tion of lorealis, mentions the male, stating that the elytra are short, 

 the supra-anal plate triangular, acuminate and sub-earinate. This 

 is true of all the specimens of horealis in my collection. Several of 

 them have ootheca partly protruding from the abdomen and the gen- 

 ital organs of all are similar. Prof. Morse has compared specimens 

 of what I have called fiavocinda with Scudder's types, and pronounces 

 them the same. 



I. pennsylvanica is the most common of our native roaches, having 

 been taken in the State wherever collections have been made, beneath 

 the loose bark of logs and old stumps. It is usually seen in the wing- 

 less stages, the mature individuals being common only from May 5th 

 to October. The half grown young, described by Scudder as Eddbia 

 litliophila, are of a shining, dark brown color, the dorsal surface of 

 thoracic segments often lighter. As the long-winged males are at- 

 tracted by light, country houses are often badly infested with them; 

 and where food is scarce, the wall paper is sometimes much injured 

 for the sake of the paste beneath. What the hordes of young which 

 dwell under the bark of logs live upon is a question as yet unsettled, 

 but the larva3 of other insects undoubtedly form a portion of their 

 food, as in two instances I have found them feeding upon the dead 

 grubs of a Tenehrio beetle; while living as well as decaying vegetable 

 matter probably forms tbe other portion. The mating of the imagoes 

 probably occurs in late spring and early summer, the newly hatched 

 young being most abundant from mid-August until December. Fe- 

 males with ootheca protruding have been taken as early as May 19th 

 and as late as September 3d. The young in various stages of growth 

 survive the winter in the places mentioned, they being the most com- 

 mon insects noted in the woods at that season. Cold has seemingly 

 but little effect upon them, as they scramble away almost as hurriedly 

 when their protective shelter of bark is removed on a day in mid- 

 January with the mercury at zero, as they do in June when it regis- 

 ters 100° in the shade. 



The empty ootheca of this species are very common objects beneath 

 the loose bark of logs and especially beneath the long flakes of the 

 shellbark hickory. They are chestnut brown in color, from 5 to 9 

 mm. in length by 4 mm. in breadth, and are much less flattened than 

 those of Blattella germanica described below. The dorsal or entire 

 edge is slightly curved, or bent inward, after the fashion of a small 

 bean, while the other edge is minutely serrate. Tlie young, after 

 hatching, evidently escape in the same manner as do those of the 

 Oriental cockroach, as no break is visible in the empty capsule. The 



