ORTHOPTEEA OF INDIANA. 259 



upper dorsal field, and apical third of tegmina, as well as a narrow 

 stripe along their lower or costal margin are ash brown; the abdomen 

 reddish brown. Earely the head, pronotum and hind femora are red- 

 dish purple instead of green. In the brown form the apical halves 

 of the tegmina are darker and their sides often contain a few light 

 spots. The inner wings of both forms are transparent and yellow at 

 base, the apical two-thirds fuliginous or smoky, the apex paler; an 

 opaque dark bar is present along the middle of front margin. Hind 

 tibiae brown or pale blue with a white ring near the base. 



Measurements: Length of body, male, 20 mm., female, 26 mm.; 

 of antennae, male, 8 mm., female, 7 mm.; of tegmina, male, 18.5 mm., 

 female, 23 mm.; of hind femora, male, 13 mm., female, 15 mm. 



This is the first locust to reach maturity in spring from hibernat- 

 ing nymphs, specimens having been taken in Vigo County as early 

 as April 15th. It is a common species throughout the State, making 

 its home in blue-grass pastures, and especially in the grassy tracts 

 along rail fences between upland woods and cultivated fields and 

 meadows. It also occurs on sunny sloping hillsides and railway em- 

 bankments. In fact, mature individuals may occur anywhere in dry 

 grassy places from mid- April till November 1st. In such, localities 

 the young, in company with those of Arphia sulpliurea, may be seen 

 on all sunny winter days when the mercury is above the freezing 

 point. At such times they often climb or leap upon the lower rails 

 of fences or sides of stumps, there resting in and apparently enjoy- 

 ing the sunshine. The species is said to be double brooded in some 

 localities, but in Indiana, as far as known, it is single brooded, the 

 young hatching in August and September and undergoing three or 

 four moults before winter. 



In this State, as elsewhere throughout its range, which includes the 

 United States and Canada east of the Rocky Mountains, green fe- 

 males and brown males are the predominating forms, not more than 

 20 per cent, of the females in Indiana being brown, and a much 

 smaller proportion of the males being green. The male of viridifas- 

 ciata, when disturbed, usually flies but a few rods, moving in a circling 

 or zigzag course, and producing a low but distinct shufiling or rat- 

 tling noise during the whole of its flight. The female moves noise- 

 lessly and more directly to a greater distance. 



