374 REPORT OF STATE GEOLOGIST. 



night later. Long winged forms of hrevipenne occasionally occur, but 

 in Indiana they are very scarce, but one or two having come under 

 my notice. Of the variations in the length of the wing covers of it 

 and allied species. Professor Bruner has well said: "That in the 

 genera Xiphidium and Orchelimum wing length is a character not to 

 be relied upon as specific or even varietal difference;" yet Eedten- 

 bacher, in his "Monographic der Conocephaliden," has separated a 

 number of his species by this character alone, and I can find no men- 

 tion in his work of the fact that such a variation exists. 



96. Xiphidium nemorale Scudder. 



Xiphidiww nemomk Sciidd.. 15 1, XMI, 1875, 462; Id., 15 3, IV, 1875, 



65; Id., 164, 1879, 15; Id., 168, XXIH, 1892,76 (song of); 



Id., 183, XXX, 1898, 184; Id., 188, 1900,75; Bl., 7, 1893^ 122; 



Beut., 3, VI, 1894, 284; Lugg., 84, 1898, 240. 

 XiphiiJIiim cnrfipnuir Redtenh., 1 10, 1891, 208. 



A rather robust species with the general color a dark, greenish 

 brown; tegmina light reddish brown with the front or lower area 

 fuscous. Dorsal stripe of occiput and pronotum a lighter grayish 

 brown margined with a narrow yellowish line on each side. All the 

 femora punctate with reddish dots, tlie tarsi and tip of hind femora 

 dusky. Tegmina with the veins and cross-veins unusually prominent, 

 giving them a coarse and scabrous look; the tympanum of male stout 

 and elevated. Cerci conical, the apex obtuse, but little compressed. 

 Ovipositor as long as the abdomen, the apical half with a gentle but 

 evident upward curve. 



Measurements: Male — Length of body, 14 mm.; of tegmina, 8 

 mm.; of hind femora, 12 mm.; of pronotum, 3.5 mm. Female — 

 Length of body, 15 mm.; of tegmina, 5.5 mm.; of hind femora, 13 

 mm.; of ovipositor, 9 mm. 



Nemorale is a common insect in central and southern Indiana, but 

 has not as yet been taken north of Marion and Wells counties. It 

 reaches maturity about August 1st, and from then until after heavy 

 frosts may be found in numbers along the borders of dry, upland 

 woods, fence rows, and roadsides, where it delights to rest on the 

 low shrubs, blackberry bushes, or coarse weeds usually growing in 

 such localities. On sunny afternoons of mid-autumn it is especially 

 abundiint on the lower parts of the rail and board fences, the male 

 uttering his faint and monotonous love call — a sort of ch-e-e-e-e — 

 ch-e-e-e-e, continuously repeated — the female but a short distance 

 away, a motionless, patient, and apparently attentive listener. 

 When in coitu the male does not mount the back of the female, but, 

 with his body reversed, is dragged about by her, this being the com- 



