ORTHOPTEEA OF INDIANA. 375 



mon practice of all the species of Xiphidium and Orclielimum. The 

 females at times evidently oviposit in decaying wood, as on several 

 occasions I have found them on old fence posts and rails with their 

 ovipositors inserted the full length in the wood. 



Nemorale has been recorded from Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois and New 

 York, and seems to be coniined to the northern half of the middle 

 United States. 



97. Xiphidium ensiferum Scudder. 



Xiphidium eimfer Scudd., 14 1, VH, 1862, 461. 



Xiphidium ensiferum. Scudd., 166, 1880, Appeu., II, 23; Id., 183, XXX, 



1898, 183; Id., 18 8, 1900, 74; Riley, 12 2,n, 1884, 186; Comst., 



4 1,1, 1888, 114; Wheel., 223, H, 1890, 222 (oviposition of); 



Redtenb., 1 10, 1891, 209; Bl., 7, 1893, 123; Lugg., 84, 1898, 



240. 



Very similar in general appearance to X. hrevipenne Scudder, and 

 may be only a large variety of that species. Typical examples are 

 larger, with a longer ovipositor, which is equal in length to the body 

 and equals or slightly exceeds the length of hind femora. Tegmina 

 of the common short-winged form covering about two-thirds of the 

 abdomen in the female; usually reaching its tip in the male. Hind 

 femora usually unarmed, though sometimes bearing one to four small 

 teeth on their lower outer carina. Cerci of male rather stout, with 

 the apical half curved slightly outward and depressed. Ovipositor 

 slender, straight. 



The general color is more of a green than in hrevipenne; the face, 

 sides of pronotum and abdomen, and usually the four anterior 

 femora, being of that hue. The tegmina and wings are light reddish 

 brown, as are also the tibise and ovipositor. 



Measurements: Male — Length of body, 12.5 mm.; of tegmina, 10 

 mm.; of hind femora, 13 mm.; of pronotum; 3.5 mm. Female^ — 

 Length of body, 12-14 mm.; of tegmina, short winged, 8.5 mm.; long 

 winged, 14 mm.; of hind femora, 13.5 mm.; of ovipositor, 12-14 mm. 



Although found in Indiana wherever collections have been made, 

 this species appears to be less common than either fasciatum or 

 hrevipenne. It differs from them occasionally in the manner of ovi- 

 po&ition, as, instead of always depositing its eggs in the stems of 

 grasses, it sometimes seeks the turnip-shaped galls so common on 

 certain species of Salix (willow), and oviposits between their scales. 

 The gall is not formed by the Locustid, but by a Dipterous insect 

 belonging to the family of Cecidomyidce. Although I have never 

 seen the eggs deposited I have on a number of occasions found them 

 within the galls, but did not know to what insect they belonged until 



