ORTHOPTEEA OF INDIANA. 397 



L. Ceuthophilus Sciidder (1862). 



Wingless Locustidae of medium or large size with a thick body and 

 arched back. Head large and oval, bent downward and backward 

 between the front legs. Antennae long, slender, cylindrical and 

 tapering to a fine point. Eyes sub-pyriform, the narrow end down- 

 ward, placed a little above and close to the basal Joint of the 

 antennae. Maxillary palpi long and slender; the apical joint longest, 

 somewhat curved, split on the nncler side three-fourths of its length, 

 which is nearly equal to that of the two preceding taken together. 

 Pronotmn short, not extending over the meso and meta-notum. Pro- 

 sternum unarmed. Hind femora thick and heavy, turned inward at 

 the base, channeled beneath, with the margins of the channel either 

 serrate or spined in the males, seldom armed in the females. Ovi- 

 positor well developed, nearly straight, a little upturned at the tip, 

 the inner valves usually strongly serrate on the under side of the 

 apical fourth. Cerci of males long, slender, usually very hairy. 



These insects are seldom seen except by the professional collector. 

 They are nocturnal in their habits, and during the day hide beneath 

 stones along the margins of small woodland streams, or beneath logs 

 and chunks in damp woods, in which places seldom less than two, 

 nor more than three or four, are found associated together. Being 

 wingless they make no noise, and, like most other silent creatures, 

 are supposed to be deaf, as no trace of an eardrum is visible. 



That they are well-nigh omnivorous in their choice of food, I have 

 determined by keeping them in confinement, when they fed upon 

 meat as well as upon pieces of fruit and vegetables, seemingly pre- 

 ferring the latter. The majority of the species evidently reach ma- 

 turity and deposit their eggs in the late summer or early autinnn, as 

 the full grown insects are more common then, but have been taken 

 as late as December 1st. The eggs, which are supposed to be laid in 

 the earth, usually hatch in April, but some are hatched in autumn 

 and the young live over winter, an anomaly among the Locustidae, as 

 I have taken them on a number of occasions throughout the winter. 

 Several of the species inhabit caves and are usually of larger size, 

 with longer antennse and smaller compound eyes than those found 

 above ground. 



The adult males of these insects are quite readily separated by 

 the size, number and relative position of the spines on the under 

 side of tlie liind femora, as well as by the degree of curvature of the 

 corresponding tibiae. The females, having neither the spined pos- 

 terior femora nor the curved tibiae, are less readily distinguished by 



