OETHOPTEEA OF INDIANA. 437 



in this case the fattest, had survived in the deadly struggle for ex- 

 istence. 



The long winged form of ahhreviatus is seemingly very scarce in 

 this State, but one or two having been taken. There is little doubt 

 but that Scudder is right in referring this form to Serville's luduosus 

 and placing it as a synonym of ahhreviatus, as Serville states that the 

 ovipositor of lucPuosiis is 9 to 10 lines in length, which is too great 

 for pennsylvanicus of which McNeill thought luduosus might be the 

 long winged form. According to strict rules of nomenclature the 

 name luduosus rather than ahhreviatus should belong to the insect 

 since the former was described first in Serville's work. However, the 

 short winged form seems to be everywhere the more common and 

 better known, hence I follow Scudder in retaining the name ahhre- 

 viatus. The range of the species covers the United States east of 

 the Eocky Mountains. 



136. Gryllus pennsylvanicus Biirmeister. The Pennsylvania Field 

 Cricket. 



GryUm penmnlvnnkus Burm , 40, 11, 1838, 734; Scucld., 1 4 1 , VIl, 1862, 

 429; Id., 188, 1900, 90; Id., 193, IX, 1901, 268, 269; Id., 194, 

 IX, 1902, 291; Glov., 62, 1872, Plate I, Figs. 13, 14; Sauss., 

 132, VI, 1874, 401; McNeill, 88, VI, 1891, 4, 6; Bl., 1 2, VII, 

 1895, 250; Beut., 3, VI, 1894, 265, Plate V, Figs. 6, 7; Lugg.'. 

 84, 1898, 264, Fig. 173. 



Oryllus luctuosiis M.G^e\\\, 88, VI, 1891, 4; BL, 5, 1892, 133. 



AchekinigerU.axv., 72, 1862, 152. 



GryUus necjkctus ^cvlM. , 14 1, VU, 1862, 428; Id., 188, 1900, 89. 



A medium sized but rather broad species; the head of male not so 

 swollen as in abbreviatus, a little wider than the pronotum, shining 

 black in color. Pronotum proportionally a little wider and shorter 

 than in ahhreviatus, the length contained in the breadth nearly 1.6 

 times, the hind margin a little sinuate, the median impressed line 

 plainly visible on anterior half. The tegmina vary in color from a 

 deep black to a smoky or grayish brown, rarely a dull reddish 

 brown, often with a yellowish brown line along the humeral angle; 

 the inner edges straight and overlapping or attingent their full 

 length; those of female reaching nearly to tip of abdomen in short 

 winged form, or slightly exceeding the tip in the long winged form; 

 those of male reaching the tip of abdomen in both forms. Wings 

 either narrow and shorter than tegmina or extending considerably 

 beyond tegmina in the form of tail-like projections. Pronotum, legs, 

 and under side of body in freshly matured specimens often with a 

 minute grayish pubescence which becomes abraded with age, leaving 

 these parts shining black. Hind femora short and stout, its average 



