ORTIIOPTEKA OF INDIANA. 4G1 



Gvoryvdiere heard and is so distinctive that when once, studied it is 

 never lost amid the louder racket of the katydids and other night 

 choristers. It is frequently lieard during the day time in cloudy 

 or damp weather, and 1 have heard it at St. Louis the first days of 

 Xovemher after a slight frost. 



"The courting of the sexes is amusing. They face each other and 

 play with their antenuii^ for the hest part of an hour or more than an 

 hour. The female is, otherwise, pretty quiet, hut the male contin- 

 ually mouths the twig or the l)ark upon which the courting is being 

 (lone, and plays his palpi at a great rate, very stealthily approacliing 

 nearer to his nuite meanwhile. At last the antennal fencing ceases 

 and those of the female hend l)ack and then the nude a])proaches 

 until their heads touch. He then deliberately turns round, elevates 

 the elytra and slips his abdonu'U under the female, who virtually 

 nujimts and assists him, his elytra overshadowing her head." 



THE JAFK ZONES OF INDIANA. AS ILLUSTRATED BY THE DIS- 

 TRIBUTION OF ORTHOPTERA WITHIN THE STATE. 



The detailed study of the distribution of the Orthoptera of Indi- 

 ana, made necessary in preparing the foregoing descriptive catalogue, 

 has developed certain facts regarding the life zones of the State 

 which are of especial interest. Dr. C H. Merriam, in his "Life 

 Zones and Crop Zones of the United States,'"* has nuide the "Upper 

 Austral" life zone cover the entire State, with the exception of a very 

 small area of "Lower Austral" in the extreme southwestern- corner. 

 The facts brought out regarding the distribution of Ortho])tera ir. 

 Indiana, which are supplemented by numerous field notes on other 

 groups of insect and aninuil life, and on the flowering plants, prove 

 conclusively that the "Transition Zoiu%" re])resented by the Alle- 

 ghanian fauna and flora, overlaps the northern fourth of the State. 

 while the "Lower Austral Zone," represented by the Austroriparian 

 fauna and flora, covers the greater part of the southern third. Tlu' 

 Carolinian fauna and flora of the Upper Austral embraces, of course, 

 the prevailing forms of life in the State, 93 of the 148 species of the 

 preceding catalogue belonging to it. The majority of these range 

 over the entire State mingling with the representatives of the Alle- 

 ghanian fauna in the north and with those of the Austroriparian 

 fauna in the southern third. To the Carolinian fauna belongs also 

 the great majority of the otbcr forms of animal life in tbe State. 



■ BuUetin No. 10, Division RioInf!:i<':iI Survey, U. S. Department of .Agriculturo, 189S 

 pp. 1-79, map. 



