ORTHOPTERA OF INDIANA. 463 



10. Hesperotetfir pratrn^i.^ Scuclcl. 17. ConncvphaluK robustus Scudd. 



11. Melanoplus fmciafus ("Walker). 18. Orcheli m am indianense Bl. 



12. Melanoplus exfremus (Walker). 19. Orchdimiini ddical ti m Bv\m. 

 18. Melanoplm angmtipennk (Dodge). 20. Orrheliiniun gladiator Brun. 



14. Phcefaliotes nebra.^cen>fi.-< (Tliom. ) 21. Xeinobius paludris Bl. 



15. Paroxija scudderi Bl. 22. Xemobim confusus Bl. 



16. Saidderia pistillafa Bruim. 23. (jryUui< arenacem Bl. 



The Lower Austral Zone. — The extreme northern boundary of 

 the '"Lower Austral" life zone passes in a northwest southeast direc- 

 tion through the following counties of Indiana: Vigo, Clay, Owen, 

 Monroe, Jackson, Jennings, Jefferson and Switzerland. In the terri- 

 tory south of this line the Austroriparian fauna of that sub-zone over- 

 laps and merges with the Carolinian fauna of the Upper Austral 

 zone. The extension northward on the western line of the State is, 

 without doubt, due to the presence of the broad and sheltering valley 

 of the Wabash Eiver, within the confines of which certain southern 

 forms have found a climate mild and suitable to their habits. Within 

 this valley the following members of the Austrori[)arian flora grow 

 indigenously, a number of them as far north as Terre Haute: Bald 

 cypress, Taxodkvm disticlmm (L.); upright burhead, Ecliinodorus cor- 

 difolivs (L.); showy amaryllis, TlymenocalUs occidentalis (Le Conte); 

 pecan, Hicoria pecan (Marsh.); swamp or downy poplar, Popuhis 

 heterophylla L.; chinquapin, Caslanea pumila (L.); Texan red oak, 

 Quercus texana Buckley; pipe vine, Aristolocliia tomentosa Sims; 

 American lotus, Nelumbo lufea (Willd.); Carolina moonseed, Cehatha 

 Carolina (L.); great burnet, Sanguisorha canadensis L.; water or 

 swamp locust, Gledifsia aquatica Marsh; water ash, Fraxinus carol ini- 

 ana Mill, and crossvine, Bignonia crucigcra L. 



Among other characteristic southern plant forms occurring in Indiana 

 south of the northern boundary of the Lower Austral zone are : The y eL 

 low pine, Piniis ecMnafa Mill.; mud plantain, Heter'anthera reniformis 

 R. &P.; false aloe, Agave virginica L.; Spanish oak, Quercus digitata 

 (Marsh); southern hackberry, Celtis mississippiensis Bosc; American 

 mistletoe, Plwradendron flarescens (Pursh.); cucumber tree, Magnolia 

 acuminaia L.; penc'il flower, Slylosanthes hi flora (L.); Carolina buck- 

 thorn, Eliamnus carol iniana Walt.; yellow passion flower, Passiflora 

 lulea L.; Hercules clulj. .\ralia spinosa L.; persimmon, Diospyros 

 rirginiana L.; unicorn plant. Marly nia Inuisiana Mill.; catalpa, Ca- 

 lalpa calalpa (L.), and the rough button-weed, Diodia teres Walt. 



The southern mockingbird, Miiinis polygloflns (L.), nests in num- 

 bers as far north as Terre Haute; while among the batrachians and 

 reptiles the hellbender, Cniplohranrlttis alleglianiensis (Daud.); the 

 southern cricket frog, Acris grylltis Lc Conte; the corn snake. 



