EXPLAl^ATIOI^ OF PLATES. 



FRONTISPIECE. 



SEASONAL VARIETIES OF A BUTTERFLY (ARASCHNIA PRORSA) . 



Fig. 1. The spring variety, Levana, of the butterfly. 

 Fig. 2. The summer variety, Prorsa. 



PLATE I. 



THE EMOTIONS THAT SWAY THE INSECT WORLD, AND THEIR MEANS OF 

 COMMUNICATION ILLUSTRATED. 



Fig. 1. Dectlcm Brachyptera, a male Leaf-cricket, encountering his female, 

 and greeting her with a serenade. 



Fig. 2. Under surface of the anterior extremity of the body of a coleopteron 

 of the Materidce (magnified), showing the grooves, c, d, that receive the antennas 

 and legs ; and also the si^ine, a, a posterior prolongation of the prothorax, which 

 on being rapidly jerked into a groove, b, beneath the metathorax, by reason of 

 ts elasticity, propels these click-beetles into the air in the fashion of a somer- 

 sault. 



Fig. 3. Shows the same beetle fallen on its back, preparing to right itself by 

 a spring. 



Fig. 4. A group of Ants, Myrmica ruginodis, as seen through a glass on a 

 flower-head of the Cniciis arvensis, or common thistle ; eagerly engaged in the 

 sun, sucking sap exuding from the teat-like ducts of the aphides or blight. 

 a, Two communicating by touch of the antennae ; b, others quarrelling and 

 attacking with their jaws ; c, one stridulating or emitting music by a vertical 

 movement of the abdomen ; d, one sucking the sap exuding from the aphis. 



Fig. 5. The courtship of two flies {Empis ignota) on a crow's-foot, exemplify- 

 ing communication by the tarsi of the feet. 



Fig. 6. Explains the manner in which certain small beetles of the tribe 

 Geodephaga and genera Brachinus are asserted to arrest the onset of a larger 

 predacious beetle, by exploding a volatile secretion from the anus. 



Fig. 7. A Bumble Bee defending itself from the attacks of a House Spider. 



Fig. 8. Shows the way in which the male Trichoptera choose their partnei^ 

 when dancing over the surface of the water. 



Fig. 9. Two Rove-beetles (Goerius) as they stand on the defensive with open 

 jaws, protruding two tubular ducts from the anal extremity of the reversed 

 abdomen, and diffusing a pungent vinegary secretion. 



