INSECT VARIETY. 59 



unadorned, miglit lead us to suppose the affection of the warm- 

 blooded animals had here a reflex. The female of Perga Leivisii 

 (West) was observed by Mr. Lewis, of Hobarton, to sit upon a 

 leaf into which she had inserted her eggs, about eighty in 

 number, till they were hatched . This takes place in a few days ; 

 and afterwards she carefully feeds them in the larva state, in 

 which the brood keeps together, whether eating or sleeping, in 

 an oval mass, sitting upon them with outstretched wings, 

 shading them from the heat of the sun, and protecting them 

 from the attacks of parasites for a period of from four to six 

 weeks until her death. On June 4th, 1871, the Rev. Mr. 

 Hellins noticed an Acanthosoma griseum on one of the lower 

 branches of his birch-tree at Exeter, apparently engaged in 

 extracting some nourishment from the catkins. On the Gth, at 

 3 p.m., she commenced to lay elongate eggs on the underside 

 of a leaf, placing them in a rough diamond figure just about 

 the size of her own body. The outer eggs were laid on their 

 sides ; the inner ones stood up on end. The mother then took her 

 stand over them, but not ajiparently touching them with her 

 body. On the 29th of June the young bugs were all hatched, 

 clustered under their mother amongst the empty shells. These 

 follow their mother about, and De Geer once having occasion 

 to cut a bi'anch of birch peopled with one of these families, 

 observed the mother never stirred from her young, but kept 

 beating her wings incessantly with a very rapid motion. The 

 earwig, Kirby thinks, still more nearly approaches the habits of 

 the hen in her care of her family. Frisch notices she sits on 

 her eggs ; and De Geer, having found an earwig thus occupied 

 in the beginning of April, removed her into a box where was 

 some earth, and scattered her eggs in all directions. She soon, 

 however, collected them one by one with the jaws into a heap, 

 and assiduously sat upon them as before. The young ones as 

 soon as hatched creep under the mother, who suffers them to 

 push between her feet, and will often, as De Geer found, sit 

 over them in this posture for some hours. 



Having briefly instanced the evidence which muscular con- 

 tractions, battles, nidification, and provision for the larvae afford 

 of the salient impulses latent in Insecta, we will now j)roceed to 

 consider the further manifestation of the emotions, fear or anjrer. 



