DISTRIBUTE INSECT VARIETY. 319 



1731. Wet season. A swarm of the scarce chafer Melolontha Fullo, L., 

 appears at Mark Brandenburg. 



1735. Bath White Butterfly captured in England prior to this date. 



1740. Cold spring, dry summer. The moth Charaas graminis multiplies, 

 and ravages in Sweden for three years. 



1741. A migration of Painted Lady Butterflies observed at Turin. 



*1747. A legion of locusts invade Wallachia, Moldavia, Transylvania, 

 Hungary, and Poland. C. graminis again destroys the grass in Sweden. Both 

 pests continue until '50; and in '48 the locusts reach England, but soon 

 perish. 



1753. Locusts devastate in Portugal. 



*1757. The Turk attacks the trees in the Hartz Forest. 



♦1759. Caterpillar destroys the grass of the high sheep farms in Tweeddale. 

 '68, wet season. 



1769. The " Turk " attacks the trees in the Hartz Forest. 



1776. Thames frozen. Hessian Fly begins to destroy the wheat in Long 

 Island. 



1778. Morocco devastated by locusts for three years. P. podalirius, the 

 Scarce Swallow-tail Butterfly, taken in England (?) 



1780. Locusts invade Transylvania. A grub noxious in France. '81, hot dry 

 summer. 



*1782. The Gold-tail Moth multiplies in the vicinity of the metropolis ; 

 rewards ofl'ered for collecting the caterpillars. Nigger Saw Fly [Athalia) attacks 

 turnip crops for two years. 



1783. Intense heat in summer, atmospheric and volcanic phenomena in 

 Europe. The ravages of the "Turk" beetle in the Hartz Forest attain a 

 climax. 



*1784. Locusts ravage at the Cape, and being driven into the sea, cease their 

 depredations for the next ten years. 



1785. Autumn rain}'. Cockchafers multiply near Blois in France. Aphides 

 and ants numerous. Tortrix viridana strips oak woods in England. 



*1787. Cold season. American blight naturalised. 



1788. Hessian Fly destructive in America. 



1790. The "Turk" appears in the Hartz Forest. Gilbert White notices an 

 abundance of cockroaches and crickets. 



1795. The Scarce Swallow-tail captured in England previous to this date. 



1802. C. graminis (?) infests the high sheep farms in Tweeddale. Beetle grub 

 destroys wheat. 



1803. Two specimens of the Bath White Butterfly captured in June. P. 

 podalirius during May. 



*1804. The Clouded Yellow Butterfly (C. Edusa) abundant in England, 



1805. A cloud of locusts in Southern France. 



*1807. Larvae of Scarce Swallow-tail Butterfly in England. 



1808. The Clouded YeUow Butterfly abundant in England. 



1810. P. podalirius, Aug. 24th. Black-veined White Butterfly destructive 

 round London. 



1811. The Clouded Yellow Butterfly abundant. 



1813. Zabrits gibbus -rayciges the wheat in Germany. Wire Worm destruc- 

 tive in England. 



1815 to 1818. Cold and wet. 



1818. Bath White Butterfly taken in July; Podalirius, July 9th; Painted 



