320 THE CAUSES WHICH 



Lady Butterflies abundant after wet sirring. B. lineata plentiful in Switzerland, 

 near Berne. The Swallow-tail Butterfly (P. Machaon) disappears from Glan- 

 ville's Wootton. 



•1819. Bath White and Queen of Spain Butterflies (Vanessa Antiopa) m 

 England. A. Niobe (?), and D. nerii, the Oleander Hawk Moth, near South- 

 ampton. 



1821. Pale Clouded Yellow Butterfly {Coiias Hyale) common in England.' 

 C. fframinis swarms at Meldon Park. 



*1822. Caterpillar of F. podalirins taken in England. M. Artemis abundant 

 at Glanville's Wootton; not seen there since '15. 



1823. Sphinx lineata at Sunderland. Cockchafers abundant near London. 



*1824. Locusts visit the South of France this and also the succeeding year. 

 C. graminis destroj- s the grass on Skiddaw. 



1825. Painted Ladj^ Butterflies and Orange Tips (A. Cardamines) abundant- 

 Gen. Chrysomela plentiful. 



11826. Mr. Dale's Annus Mirabihs. Clouded Yellow Butterflies (C. Edusa) 

 disseminate themselves over England ; Hyale also common. A migTation of 

 Painted Lady Butterflies at Turin. Caterpillars of the Lackey Ermine Moth 

 and S. padellus abundant on the hedges. Black-veined White Butterfly (A. 

 Cratcegi) plentiful in Hampshire. Lady-birds. Bath White Butterfly taken 

 Aug. 6th, another in '27. 



*1827. The Green Tortrix destroys the oak-leaves in Kent. Death's Heads 

 and Privet Hawk Moths. Black Adippe, Sutton Park. 



1828. A cloud of Painted Lady Butterflies on the banks of the Lake of 

 Neufchatel, in Switzerland, during Julj% passing from N.E. to S.W. Unfavour- 

 able year in England. Pale Clouded Yellow Butterflies common. Cockchafers 

 plentiful seven years since. E. solstitialis appear in numbers. V. Hunteri 

 captured in South Wales. Stinging Fly, Stom. calcitrans, abundant. 



*1829. Sj^riug cold and wet. Larvse of P. podalirius taken. 



1830. Wami spring. Pale Clouded Yellows plentiful in England; caterpillars 

 of H. padella in millions on the hedges. J), hippjophaes plentiful on the banks of 

 the Arve. The Comma [V. C. album) disappeared from Dover twelve or thirteen 

 years back. 



1831. A flock of cockchafers startle the horses of the diligence proceeding 

 from Gournay to Gisors, in France. Clouded Yellow Butterflies plentiful in 

 England. V. C. album taken at Dover in November, and Antiopa in August. 

 B. lineata in July. Dark varieties of M. Ai-temis taken ; this butterfly has now 

 disappeared from Willesden. 



*1832. Mild winter, late spring. A migration of locusts at Marseilles, and of 

 White Butterflies at Paris. Lineata taken in Julj', the caterpillar of Nerii in 

 August, in Devon. Queens of Spain {Pieris JJapUdice) and Camberwell Beauties 

 in England, the latter extending to Northumberland. Several I>. Galii taken, 

 one at York. Fifteen or sixteen years since V. C. album was in profusion at 

 Epping. 



1833. The Clouded Yellows, Edusa and Hyale, plentiful in England. V. C. 

 album taken fourteen or sixteen years ago near Coventry, many years ago at 

 Norfolk. Gamma Moths and butterflies i^lontiful in Jersey. 



*1834. A migration of locusts in Southern France. I). Galii plentiful near 

 Berne. The Oleander Hawk taken in England. 



1835. The Oleander Hawk with its congener Celerio occurs all over France 

 and Germany. Both Clouded Yellow Butterflies common in England. The 



