322 THE CAUSES WHICH ' 



iSG'). Death's Head Moths, Humming Bird Hawks, and Gamma Moths 

 abundant. A few Camberwell Beauties and Queen of Spain Fritillaries. C. 

 celerio frequent, and a few other rare Hawk Moths. Edusa and Hyale both 

 common. 



1866. Locusts become a i^lague in Algeria. E. Cassiope at a lower elevation 

 in Perthshire than usual. 



*1867. One or two specimens of Lineata and Celerio and an Oleander Hawk 

 taken in England. At the end of J.uly a migrating cloud of Dragon-flies, Anax 

 Mediterraneiis, seen in the East of Piedmont. Rocky Mountain Locusts descend 

 on the United States. 



tl868. Hot summer. A swarm of White Butterflies noticed in the Channel 

 at the end of July. Pale Clouded Yellow Butterfly and Queen of Spain Fritil- 

 lary appear, the former abounding all over England. The Camberwell Beauty 

 likewise taken. The scarce blue Polijommatus Arion turned up in new localities. 

 The rare Hawk Moths all captured, C. lineata perhaps most freely. In North 

 America, Z>aMais Archq^pus migrates in September. 



*1869. White and other butterflies scarce. Dc'mpela pulchella in October. 

 Rocky Mountain Locusts descend on the western plains of America. Painted 

 Lady Butterfly common in Italy. Numerous nielanic and pale varieties taken in 

 this country. 



1870. The scarce Hawk Moth, D. Llvornicn, appears all over the United 

 Kingdom. C. Edusa common in Italy. Danals Arch'ippus migrates in North 

 America about the middle of April. 



187 L The spring cold. Then caterpillars of the Lackey (C. Neustria) and of 

 the Brown (?) Tail abound in certain districts. Leiopeia pulchella, of Eastern 

 afiinities, becomes common in Italy and England. Gamma Moths common in 

 Italy. Chionobas Aello, a butterfly of Arctic affinity, appears in the Eastern Alps. 



*1872. Cold summer. Then appear the Bath Whites, Queens of Spain, and 

 Camberwell Beauties, the last unusually plentiful and extending to Scotland. A 

 flock of Large White Butterflies seen at the mouth of the Weser. The Rocky 

 Mountain Locusts descend on the Western States of America. S. pinastri and 

 Argynnis Bia in England. 



1873. The Camberwell Beauty appears to recede south, a few spring specimens 

 being taken in the north, but all records of its occurrence in the autumn coming 

 from the south of England. Entomologists occupied with discussing the proba- 

 bility of Argynnis Ilia and Niobe being taken in this country. G. Aello on the 

 Alps. Ophiodes limaris taken in England. 



*1874:. Wet June. Inundation of the Garonne. Rockj^ Mountain Locusts 

 invade the Western States of America. B. pulchella at Folkestone. 



1875. Convolvulus Hawk Moth common. Edusa and Hyale abundant. C. 

 Aello taken on the Alps. 



1876. Locusts multiply in Abyssinia and in South America, where they 

 combine with haU- storms in committing havoc. In November the Leaf -cricket, 

 Decticus albifrons, multiplies in Southern Spain. A few locusts turn up in 

 Yorkshire during the autumn, and three specimens of Danais Archippiis taken in 

 the south of England, supposed to have come from America. Several D. pulchella 

 and S. pinastri taken at Ipswich. 



*1877. Clouded Yellow Butterflies become abundant, and extend to Scotland. 

 V. Antiopa, S. convolvuli and pinastri taken in England. Yellow variety of 2yy. 

 filipendul(B at Cambridge. Caterpillars ravage the island of Ascension. F. 

 Sunteri taken in England this and the previous year. 



