﻿81 
  

  

  the 
  upper 
  or 
  the 
  lower, 
  the 
  former 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  slightly 
  the 
  

   commoner 
  in 
  the 
  2 
  s, 
  the 
  latter 
  predominates 
  largely 
  in 
  the 
  $ 
  s. 
  

   Occasionally 
  a 
  small 
  additional 
  spot 
  is 
  found 
  above 
  the 
  ordinary 
  

   apical 
  spot, 
  as 
  so 
  often 
  occurs 
  in 
  Paranje 
  iner/era, 
  F. 
  hiera 
  and 
  

   P. 
  maera, 
  but 
  this 
  is 
  very 
  rare. 
  It 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  follows 
  that 
  

   because 
  extra 
  spots 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  seen 
  on 
  the 
  upperside 
  they 
  also 
  appear 
  

   on 
  the 
  underside, 
  or 
  vice 
  versa, 
  nor 
  are 
  the 
  two 
  wings 
  always 
  

   homogeneous, 
  especially 
  when 
  the 
  spots 
  are 
  very 
  small, 
  nor, 
  if 
  they 
  

   are 
  the 
  same 
  in 
  number, 
  are 
  they 
  always 
  of 
  similar 
  size 
  on 
  the 
  right 
  

   and 
  left 
  wings. 
  On 
  the 
  upperside 
  of 
  the 
  hindwing 
  one 
  spot 
  may 
  be 
  

   considered 
  normal 
  (this 
  always 
  corresponds 
  to 
  no. 
  v 
  of 
  the 
  series 
  

   on 
  the 
  underside), 
  but 
  two 
  occur 
  very 
  frequently 
  especially 
  in 
  the 
  

   2 
  , 
  the 
  second 
  appearing 
  in 
  the 
  next 
  interneural 
  space 
  above 
  the 
  

   usual 
  spot, 
  and 
  corresponding 
  with 
  no. 
  iv 
  of 
  the 
  series 
  on 
  the 
  

   underside 
  ; 
  when 
  a 
  third 
  spot 
  appears 
  it 
  is 
  generally 
  near 
  the 
  costa 
  

   and 
  corresponding 
  with 
  no. 
  ii 
  of 
  the 
  underside 
  series 
  ; 
  very 
  rarely 
  

   however 
  the 
  3rd 
  spot 
  in 
  the 
  J 
  is 
  below 
  the 
  usual 
  one 
  and 
  corresponds 
  

   with 
  no. 
  vi 
  beneath. 
  If 
  a 
  4th 
  spot 
  appears 
  it 
  will 
  usually 
  correspond 
  

   with 
  no. 
  iii, 
  and 
  in 
  all 
  3' 
  specimens 
  I 
  have 
  seen 
  this 
  is 
  the 
  case,, 
  

   but 
  a 
  ? 
  specimen 
  with 
  ii, 
  iv, 
  v, 
  vi, 
  is 
  in 
  Mr. 
  Stiff's 
  series. 
  As 
  many 
  

   as 
  five 
  spots 
  may 
  be 
  seen 
  on 
  the 
  upperside 
  of 
  the 
  hindwing 
  ; 
  in 
  one 
  

   of 
  Mr. 
  Stiff's 
  specimens 
  the 
  spots 
  iv, 
  and 
  v, 
  are 
  black 
  and 
  pupilled, 
  

   while 
  spots 
  i, 
  ii, 
  iii, 
  exhibit 
  the 
  pupils 
  only. 
  "When 
  5 
  spots 
  occur 
  

   these 
  are 
  the 
  5 
  to 
  be 
  expected, 
  but 
  the 
  combination 
  ii, 
  iii, 
  iv, 
  v, 
  vi, 
  

   also 
  occurs 
  in 
  Mr. 
  Stifl''s 
  collection. 
  All 
  these 
  variations 
  in 
  the 
  

   direction 
  of 
  extra 
  spotting, 
  except 
  the 
  2nd 
  spot 
  on 
  the 
  hindwing, 
  are 
  

   very 
  uncommon 
  except 
  in 
  the 
  south-west 
  of 
  England 
  and 
  Wales 
  ; 
  

   they 
  are 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  hand 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  scarce 
  in 
  Devon 
  and 
  

   Cornwall, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  Dartmoor 
  are 
  so 
  far 
  from 
  

   being 
  rare 
  that 
  one 
  may 
  reckon 
  on 
  obtaining 
  a 
  dozen 
  or 
  more 
  any 
  

   morning 
  during 
  the 
  season, 
  provided 
  the 
  weather 
  be 
  warm; 
  actual 
  

   sunshine 
  is 
  a 
  matter 
  of 
  indifierence 
  to 
  this 
  species, 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  to 
  

   E.jurtina 
  and 
  AjihantopuH 
  liyperanttia/'- 
  The 
  only 
  other 
  locality 
  in 
  

   which 
  similar 
  variation 
  seems 
  to 
  occur 
  in 
  any 
  numbers 
  is 
  in 
  

   Germany, 
  from 
  which 
  there 
  are 
  several 
  examples 
  in 
  the 
  national 
  

   collection 
  ; 
  one 
  only 
  of 
  these 
  has 
  any 
  more 
  exact 
  label 
  and 
  that 
  is 
  

   from 
  Frankfort. 
  Even 
  these 
  however 
  do 
  not 
  compare 
  with 
  British 
  

   examples, 
  the 
  spots 
  being, 
  except 
  in 
  one 
  ? 
  , 
  very 
  small, 
  and 
  even 
  in 
  

   this 
  example 
  though 
  both 
  are 
  pupilled 
  they 
  are 
  of 
  rather 
  small 
  size. 
  

   The 
  only 
  other 
  examples 
  showing 
  even 
  traces 
  of 
  extra 
  spotting 
  that 
  

   I 
  have 
  seen 
  are 
  a 
  3 
  from 
  Corsica 
  and 
  a 
  ? 
  from 
  Sardinia 
  in 
  

   the 
  National 
  collection 
  ; 
  one 
  of 
  my 
  3' 
  Italian 
  specimens 
  (from 
  

   Orvieto) 
  will 
  also 
  be 
  seen 
  to 
  show 
  slight 
  traces 
  of 
  the 
  spot 
  next 
  

   below 
  the 
  regular 
  one. 
  One 
  can 
  hardly 
  help 
  speculating 
  on 
  the 
  

   cause 
  of 
  this. 
  It 
  is 
  often 
  supposed 
  that 
  extra 
  spots 
  in 
  the 
  Satyrids 
  

  

  ■•■■The 
  specimens 
  from 
  the 
  Pembrokeshire 
  coast 
  are 
  less 
  pronounced, 
  the 
  

   extra 
  spots 
  being 
  generally 
  confined 
  to 
  the 
  upperside, 
  and 
  being 
  mostly 
  small. 
  

  

  