﻿32 
  

  

  are 
  specially 
  connected 
  with 
  hot 
  areas, 
  but 
  this 
  will 
  not 
  hold 
  good 
  

   in 
  the 
  present 
  case, 
  since 
  this 
  form 
  of 
  variation 
  only 
  occurs 
  in 
  the 
  

   Southern 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  insect's 
  range 
  as 
  a 
  very 
  rare 
  aberration. 
  

   From 
  the 
  slight 
  data 
  as 
  yet 
  at 
  my 
  disposal 
  I 
  should 
  be 
  prepared 
  to 
  

   look 
  for 
  the 
  predisposing 
  cause 
  in 
  a 
  combination 
  of 
  heat 
  and 
  damp 
  ; 
  

   I 
  have, 
  however, 
  taken 
  a 
  specimen 
  (exhibited 
  to-night), 
  one 
  out 
  of 
  4 
  

   seen, 
  on 
  the 
  Wiltshire 
  downs 
  not 
  far 
  from 
  Devizes, 
  on 
  dry 
  

   chalk 
  soil, 
  and 
  not 
  in 
  an 
  exceptionally 
  hot 
  locality. 
  It 
  would 
  

   be 
  an 
  interesting 
  experiment 
  to 
  breed 
  the 
  species 
  through 
  a 
  

   series 
  of 
  years 
  under 
  artificial 
  and 
  varied 
  conditions, 
  from 
  ova 
  

   both 
  from 
  Dartmoor 
  and 
  other 
  localities, 
  with 
  a 
  view 
  to 
  seeing 
  

   whether 
  the 
  Dartmoor 
  strain 
  would 
  tend 
  to 
  lose 
  its 
  extra 
  spotting 
  

   under 
  dry 
  or 
  cold 
  influences, 
  and 
  whether 
  the 
  strains 
  from 
  other 
  

   localities 
  would 
  tend 
  to 
  approximate 
  to 
  the 
  Dartmoor 
  strain 
  under 
  

   the 
  influence 
  of 
  combined 
  heat 
  and 
  dampness. 
  The 
  experiment, 
  to 
  

   be 
  of 
  any 
  value 
  would 
  require 
  great 
  care 
  and 
  a 
  long 
  period 
  of 
  time. 
  

   In 
  South-West 
  England 
  much 
  is 
  now 
  doubtless 
  owing 
  to 
  heredity, 
  

   but 
  it 
  must 
  be 
  remembered 
  that 
  some 
  outside 
  influence 
  (some 
  

   stimulus 
  from 
  environment) 
  must 
  have 
  been 
  needed 
  to 
  set 
  this 
  

   tendency 
  in 
  motion. 
  

  

  I 
  said 
  that 
  when 
  both 
  extra 
  spots 
  were 
  present 
  on 
  the 
  forewing, 
  the 
  

   lower 
  might 
  have 
  been 
  expected 
  always 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  larger, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  

   same 
  way 
  when 
  only 
  one 
  is 
  present 
  it 
  might 
  have 
  been 
  expected 
  to 
  

   be 
  the 
  lower, 
  and 
  for 
  this 
  reason. 
  Among 
  the 
  Satyrids 
  there 
  are 
  

   occasional 
  examples 
  of 
  species 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  ^ 
  generally 
  has 
  one 
  

   spot 
  on 
  the 
  forewing 
  (the 
  apical), 
  and 
  the 
  ? 
  an 
  additional 
  one 
  in 
  

   the 
  space 
  corresponding 
  to 
  the 
  loiver 
  of 
  the 
  extra 
  spots 
  in 
  

   E. 
  tithoHKs, 
  which 
  we 
  are 
  now 
  considering 
  ; 
  one 
  such 
  species 
  is 
  

   E. 
  lycaon 
  of 
  which 
  I 
  exhibit 
  specimens, 
  others 
  are 
  HipparcMa 
  

   seiiiele 
  var. 
  (oistaeiis, 
  and 
  H. 
  arethiisa, 
  there 
  are 
  also 
  some 
  Indian 
  

   species 
  of 
  Ejnnephele, 
  near 
  to 
  E. 
  lycaon 
  ; 
  there 
  also 
  exist 
  numerous 
  

   ■cases 
  of 
  species 
  where 
  both 
  sexes 
  frequently 
  possess 
  this 
  second 
  spot, 
  

   the 
  ? 
  however 
  more 
  often 
  than 
  the 
  $ 
  , 
  such 
  as 
  Satynis 
  circe 
  and 
  

   H. 
  briseis 
  ; 
  and 
  others 
  where 
  both 
  sexes 
  almost 
  always 
  possess 
  it, 
  

   such 
  as 
  S. 
  hermione, 
  S. 
  ellena, 
  H. 
  semele, 
  and 
  many 
  more 
  ; 
  again, 
  

   among 
  the 
  Erebias 
  when 
  there 
  is 
  only 
  one 
  eye-spot 
  beyond 
  the 
  

   two 
  apical 
  ones 
  it 
  is 
  that 
  which 
  corresponds 
  to 
  the 
  lower 
  extra 
  spot 
  

   in 
  E. 
  tithonns, 
  and 
  this 
  is 
  the 
  first 
  to 
  appear 
  and 
  the 
  last 
  to 
  go. 
  

   It 
  would 
  therefore 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  prevailing 
  spot 
  beyond 
  the 
  single 
  

   or 
  double 
  apical 
  one. 
  To 
  set 
  against 
  this 
  there 
  is 
  only 
  this 
  fact, 
  

   that 
  in 
  species 
  of 
  the 
  genera 
  Einnephele 
  and 
  Pararye, 
  which 
  

   normally 
  possess 
  only 
  the 
  apical 
  spot, 
  the 
  upper 
  one 
  is 
  generally 
  the 
  

   first 
  extra 
  one 
  to 
  appear, 
  and 
  that 
  in 
  such 
  cases 
  as 
  have 
  normally 
  

   two 
  spots, 
  i.e., 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  lower 
  is 
  normally 
  present, 
  the 
  next 
  to 
  

   appear 
  is 
  always 
  the 
  upper 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  now 
  under 
  discussion. 
  To 
  

   illustrate 
  this 
  point 
  I 
  am 
  exhibiting 
  the 
  nearest 
  neighbour 
  of 
  

   E. 
  tithoniis, 
  viz., 
  E. 
  ida, 
  the 
  only 
  specimen 
  I 
  have 
  ever 
  taken 
  with 
  

   an 
  extra 
  spot 
  (though 
  this 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  not 
  uncommon 
  in 
  Dalmatia, 
  

  

  