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  and 
  there 
  is 
  another 
  in 
  the 
  S. 
  Kensington 
  Museum 
  from 
  Morocco). 
  

   I 
  also 
  exhibit 
  specimens 
  of 
  K. 
  pasipha'e 
  where 
  the 
  extra 
  upper 
  spot 
  

   is 
  veri/ 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  $ 
  s. 
  In 
  E. 
  jxrtina 
  extra 
  spotting 
  rarely 
  

   occurs 
  beyond 
  the 
  division 
  of 
  the 
  apical 
  spot, 
  but 
  is 
  sometimes 
  

   found 
  in 
  var. 
  hispiilla, 
  as 
  exhibited, 
  and 
  a 
  similar 
  variation 
  

   occurs 
  in 
  E. 
  janiroides. 
  In 
  the 
  genus 
  Paiavfje, 
  I 
  exhibit 
  

   P. 
  meiiera, 
  P. 
  viaera 
  and 
  P. 
  Iiiera, 
  with 
  extra 
  spots, 
  which 
  will 
  serve 
  

   to 
  illustrate 
  the 
  former 
  part 
  of 
  this 
  statement, 
  while 
  I 
  must 
  content 
  

   myself 
  with 
  E. 
  hjcaon 
  as 
  an 
  illustration 
  of 
  the 
  latter, 
  though 
  it 
  would 
  

   be 
  easy 
  to 
  produce 
  a 
  dozen 
  common 
  species 
  in 
  support 
  of 
  it. 
  The 
  

   inference 
  I 
  draw 
  from 
  this 
  is 
  that 
  the 
  genera 
  Kpinephele 
  and 
  Pararge 
  

   are 
  more 
  closely 
  connected 
  than 
  is 
  generally 
  supposed 
  ; 
  they 
  are 
  

   moreover 
  two 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  generalised 
  of 
  the 
  Satyrid 
  genera, 
  e.(j., 
  in 
  

   the 
  pupal 
  state, 
  so 
  that 
  a 
  near 
  connection 
  between 
  them 
  is 
  not 
  

   surprising. 
  I 
  will 
  give 
  further 
  indications 
  of 
  this 
  connection 
  later. 
  

   We 
  have 
  still 
  to 
  consider 
  the 
  variation 
  in 
  the 
  spotting 
  of 
  the 
  

   underside 
  hindwing. 
  Variation 
  in 
  this 
  matter 
  occurs 
  throughout 
  

   the 
  range 
  of 
  the 
  species, 
  but 
  the 
  spots 
  become 
  generally 
  less 
  

   conspicuous, 
  and 
  often 
  fewer, 
  as 
  we 
  proceed 
  south. 
  The 
  largest 
  

   numbers 
  of 
  spots 
  in 
  the 
  series 
  with 
  which 
  I 
  am 
  acquainted 
  is 
  7 
  

   (though 
  8 
  might 
  be 
  possible), 
  the 
  7th, 
  which 
  is 
  very 
  rare, 
  being 
  

   close 
  to 
  the 
  anal 
  angle 
  of 
  the 
  wing 
  ; 
  the 
  spots 
  almost 
  always 
  present 
  

   are 
  ii, 
  v, 
  vi 
  (counting 
  from 
  the 
  costa), 
  though 
  the 
  whole 
  series 
  from 
  

   i-vi, 
  is 
  fairly 
  frequent, 
  and 
  this 
  with 
  the 
  omission 
  of 
  iii, 
  or 
  of 
  iii 
  

   and 
  iv, 
  is 
  probably 
  the 
  most 
  tisual 
  form 
  of 
  all. 
  Many 
  other 
  

   combinations 
  however 
  are 
  found 
  ; 
  I 
  have 
  made 
  a 
  careful 
  analysis 
  of 
  

   my 
  own 
  specimens 
  and 
  of 
  Capt. 
  Graves' 
  from 
  Bude 
  ; 
  these 
  show 
  IB 
  

   different 
  combinations. 
  The 
  first 
  to 
  disappear 
  is 
  almost 
  always 
  spot 
  

   iii, 
  followed 
  by 
  iv, 
  in 
  the 
  rare 
  cases 
  in 
  which 
  iii 
  is 
  left 
  when 
  any 
  

   other 
  has 
  disappeared 
  it 
  seems 
  always 
  to 
  be 
  present 
  on 
  one 
  side 
  only, 
  

   and 
  there 
  is 
  generally 
  something 
  abnormal 
  about 
  the 
  other 
  markings. 
  

   Some 
  of 
  these 
  spots 
  are 
  sometimes 
  surrounded 
  by 
  a 
  dark 
  ring, 
  and 
  

   occasionally 
  some 
  of 
  them 
  are 
  slightly 
  lanceolate. 
  Spots 
  i 
  and 
  ii, 
  

   occur 
  in 
  one 
  patch 
  of 
  dark 
  colour, 
  and 
  iv, 
  v, 
  vi, 
  in 
  another; 
  between 
  

   these 
  the 
  light 
  colouring 
  is 
  pushed 
  outwards 
  and 
  joins 
  another 
  light 
  

   coloured 
  patch 
  of 
  not 
  quite 
  the 
  same 
  shade, 
  the 
  actual 
  central 
  light 
  

   band 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  lower 
  portion 
  is 
  really 
  a 
  part, 
  being 
  interrupted 
  

   in 
  P^. 
  titltoniis 
  by 
  the 
  upper 
  patch 
  of 
  dark 
  colouring 
  containing 
  spots 
  

   i 
  and 
  ii, 
  and 
  this 
  is 
  occasionally 
  (I 
  think 
  always 
  when 
  spot 
  iii 
  is 
  

   present 
  and 
  any 
  other 
  absent) 
  prolonged 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  include 
  spot 
  iii. 
  

   This 
  is 
  the 
  typical 
  Epinephelid 
  spotting, 
  and 
  is 
  best 
  illustrated 
  by 
  

   P.'. 
  jiasiiihai', 
  by 
  far 
  the 
  most 
  constant 
  species, 
  in 
  fact 
  I 
  have 
  only 
  

   seen 
  one 
  specimen 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  in 
  which 
  there 
  was 
  any 
  variation 
  

   in 
  the 
  spotting 
  of 
  the 
  underside 
  hindwing, 
  where 
  the 
  two 
  upper 
  

   spots 
  were 
  almost 
  entirely 
  suppressed. 
  Here 
  the 
  real 
  light 
  central 
  

   band, 
  the 
  second 
  light 
  patch 
  which 
  it 
  joins, 
  and 
  the 
  break 
  below 
  the 
  

   second 
  spot 
  are 
  all 
  plainly 
  visible. 
  This 
  is 
  what 
  I 
  mean 
  by 
  the 
  

   typical 
  Epinephelid 
  marking, 
  and 
  it 
  applies 
  even 
  to 
  those 
  species 
  in 
  

  

  