﻿39 
  

  

  The 
  late 
  Miss 
  Eleanor 
  Ormerod, 
  whose 
  writings 
  were 
  from 
  1878- 
  

   1901, 
  did 
  more 
  to 
  give 
  an 
  impetus 
  to 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  noxious 
  in- 
  

   sects 
  in 
  this 
  country 
  than 
  any 
  previous 
  writer, 
  and 
  her 
  " 
  Manuals 
  

   of 
  Injurious 
  Insects," 
  vols. 
  i. 
  and 
  ii., 
  dealing 
  chiefly 
  with 
  crops, 
  

   and 
  vol. 
  iii. 
  with 
  trees, 
  are 
  very 
  useful. 
  

  

  The 
  late 
  Frederick 
  Enock, 
  in 
  his 
  popular 
  lectures, 
  did 
  much 
  

   to 
  assist, 
  especially 
  with 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  depredations 
  of 
  the 
  

   Hessian 
  Fly 
  on 
  corn, 
  in 
  this 
  country. 
  

  

  Economic 
  Entomology 
  is 
  a 
  subject 
  which, 
  I 
  suppose, 
  most 
  

   of 
  us 
  have 
  often 
  wished 
  that 
  we 
  knew 
  more 
  about, 
  and 
  that 
  we 
  

   knew 
  of 
  some 
  specific 
  which 
  would 
  have 
  kept 
  certain 
  irritating 
  

   pests 
  from 
  us. 
  Often 
  times 
  when 
  eating 
  fruit, 
  which 
  appeared 
  

   quite 
  perfect 
  from 
  the 
  outside, 
  our 
  palates 
  have 
  been 
  quickly 
  

   marred 
  by 
  coming 
  across 
  the 
  work 
  of 
  a 
  larva, 
  such 
  as 
  that 
  of 
  

   the 
  Codling-moth. 
  Or 
  again, 
  our 
  roses 
  which 
  some 
  of 
  us 
  take 
  

   such 
  an 
  interest 
  in, 
  how 
  often 
  have 
  we 
  had 
  to 
  lament 
  the 
  loss 
  

   of 
  fine 
  blossoms, 
  by 
  various 
  larvae, 
  chiefly 
  of 
  Tortricida 
  ; 
  and 
  

   when 
  we 
  look 
  at 
  our 
  fruit 
  and 
  vegetables, 
  what 
  a 
  wide 
  field 
  is 
  

   open, 
  to 
  find 
  out 
  the 
  best 
  methods 
  of 
  combating 
  pests. 
  

  

  As 
  a 
  country 
  we 
  have 
  to 
  rely 
  on 
  immense 
  supplies 
  of 
  food 
  

   from 
  abroad, 
  this 
  is 
  not 
  an 
  unmixed 
  blessing, 
  as 
  we 
  have 
  

   imported 
  with 
  the 
  produce 
  many 
  insect 
  pests. 
  

  

  Some 
  idea 
  of 
  the 
  importance 
  of 
  this 
  subject 
  may 
  be 
  gained 
  

   from 
  the 
  following 
  figures. 
  The 
  Phijlloxera 
  on 
  the 
  vine 
  causes 
  

   an 
  annual 
  loss 
  in 
  France 
  which 
  a 
  hundred 
  millions 
  would 
  not 
  

   cover, 
  and 
  in 
  this 
  country 
  the 
  annual 
  loss 
  caused 
  hy 
  the 
  ox 
  

   warble-fly 
  Hypoderma 
  hovh, 
  has 
  been 
  estimated 
  on 
  good 
  evidence 
  

   at 
  seven 
  millions 
  sterling 
  ; 
  in 
  Aberdeenshire 
  the 
  diamond-back 
  

   moth, 
  Plutella 
  criiciferaniin, 
  cavses 
  an 
  annual 
  loss 
  to 
  root 
  crops 
  of 
  

   £90,000. 
  

  

  In 
  New 
  York 
  State 
  the 
  loss 
  caused 
  by 
  the 
  codling-moth, 
  

   Cijdia 
  ponioiiella, 
  amounted 
  to 
  three 
  million 
  dollars 
  ; 
  yet 
  these 
  

   figures 
  are 
  nothing 
  compared 
  to 
  the 
  losses 
  caused 
  by 
  scale 
  insects, 
  

   locusts 
  and 
  other 
  pests. 
  In 
  1881, 
  the 
  turnip 
  flea 
  {I'/n/Uotreta 
  

   neinnriDii) 
  caused 
  more 
  than 
  £500,000 
  loss 
  in 
  England 
  and 
  

   Scotland 
  alone 
  by 
  eating 
  young 
  seedling 
  turnips, 
  cabbage 
  and 
  

   otber 
  Cruel 
  fern;. 
  The 
  Mexican 
  cotton 
  boll 
  weevil 
  {Antlionomus 
  

   fpandis) 
  if 
  unchecked 
  entails 
  an 
  annual 
  loss 
  of 
  250,000,000 
  

   dollars. 
  

  

  The 
  literature 
  of 
  the 
  subject, 
  especially 
  from 
  the 
  United 
  States, 
  

  

  