12 



Fig. 2. 



Closely associated with the insect I have just referred to is "the Lesser Apple-leaf 

 Folder" [Teras minuta, Robs), which has also been very 

 abundant this year, (Fig. 2), The caterpillars of this 

 insect appear in early spring and commence their de- 

 predations upon the tender foliage which has just come 

 forth from the opening buds. They draw the opposite 

 sides of the leaves together to form a habitation, and 

 devour the foliage nearest to them. When they occur 

 in large numbers they cause the trees to look as if they 

 had been scorched by fire at the extremity of the branches. 

 The moth is about a third of an inch long, with bright 

 orange fore wings and silky white hind wings. There 

 are two bi-oods in the year, the first moth appearing 

 early in spring and the later ones towards the end of 

 July. 



The larvie of another and larger moth, " the Oblique-banded Leaf-roller," (Cacossia 

 rosaceana, Harris), have also been very numerous and destructive. This insect feeds upon 



a large variety of plants, both fruits and shrubs, but 

 has been especially injurious to the apple during the 

 past season. Like the two species already mentioned, 

 it begins its attack in early spring by rolling up the 

 young leaves of the plant and fastening them with 

 silken threads. In the hollow cylinder thus formed 

 the caterpillar (Fig. 3) takes up its abode, and when 

 disturbed at one end quickly slips ?ut at the other and 

 lets itself down and away from the threatening danger 

 by means of a silken thread. There are a great many 

 species of leaf-rollers known to entomologists — they 

 belong to the family of Tortrices and are well repre- 

 sented everywhere. Their habits are much the same 

 in all cases, and when numerous they become a positive injury to 

 the plants they attack. The moths may be at once 

 recognized by their peculiar fiat shape, lesembling the 

 outline of a bell when the wings are closed, (Fig 4) 

 and having the outer margin of the fore wings wavy (Fig. 

 5.) In the species now referred to the fore wings 

 are of a cinnamon or brown colour, and the hind ones 



a lighter yellow. The best remedy for this insect and the leaf-folder is the 

 use of Paris green in the manner I have already described. 



Canker-worms, the larvi\i of the moths Anisopteri/x vernata, Peck and A. pomMaria^ 

 Harris, which are injurious almost every year in the Maritime Provinces, have this year 

 been injuriously abundant in the eastern counties of Ontario, and have also been particu- 

 larly destructive at Winnipeg, where they have in many cases stripped of their foliage 

 the large trees of the ash-leafed maple which are there grown in the streets fur shade. 

 There are two classes of remedies for these insects. The object of one is to prevent the 

 wingless female from climbing up the trees from the ground in order to lay their eggs 

 after their emergence from the chrysalis state, which they pass in the earth. A common 

 mode of doing this is to encircle the trunk of the tree a short distance above the ground 

 with a band of cloth or thick paper, folded to a width of four or five inches and thickly 

 smeared with tar or a mixture of tar and molasses. This should be applied to the tree 

 in the autumn and kept on till the leaves are expanded in the followii.g spring. The tar 

 requires to be renewed from time to time, and should be looked to whenever any mild 

 days occur at the beginning or close of winter. Tin and wooden troughs filled with oil 

 have been used for the same purpose ; also collars of tin, sloping downwards like an in- 

 verted funnel have been found effective in preventing the female moths from ascending 

 the tiees. The other style of remedy is that directed against the caterpillars when they 



Fig. 3. 



Fig. 5. 



Fig. 4. 



