104 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO. 



which time the army is recruited a hundredfold, the infant becomes a veteran, mines are 

 run, pits are dug, tents are built, covered ways are constructed, insidious mycelium 

 threads are permeating leaf and twig, and in many other of the arts of warfare your 

 wily foes, with their rich inheritance of surprising means for self-protection, have planted 

 themselves in strongholds, where an entire park of spraying pumps, with their baneful 

 poisons, will utterly fail of reaching and destroying them. Far better a cessation of 

 hostilities for any six weeks later in the season than for three in early spring. It has 

 been stated and reiterated many times that the Codling Moth is the only insect against 

 which we need to employ the arsenites in early spring, but this is far from the truth. It 

 is conceded that we can not destroy the Apple Worm until after the fruit is set and the 

 egg deposited thereon, but of the two hundred and eighty known species of insect 

 depredators on the Apple (not referring to those infesting other fruits) it would be 

 strange indeed if there were no others which are specially vulnerable before the setting 

 of the fruit. Let me name a few of those that could be reached at this time : 



The well-known Apple-tree Tent caterpillar of Clisiocampm ameriGa}ia,'H.sirr[s,n,ttgicks 

 the bursting buds and the young leaves. 



The caterpillars of the White-marked Tussock-moth {Orgyia leueostigma, Sm -Abb.) 

 hatch from the eggs about the middle of May and commence their destructive work. 



Among the cut-worms there are a number of climbing species, four of which have 

 been identified, viz , Agrotis clayidestina, Harris, A.scandens, Riley, A.messoria, Harris, and 

 A. saucia^ Hiibn., which are known to ascend apple a id other fruit trees to feed upon the 

 blossom and leaf-buds and the tender leaves. The odd-looking caterpillar of Gatocala 

 grynea, Cramer, feeds on the foliage of the apple in May, and those of Gatocala ultronia 

 Hiibner, are often shaken from plum trees when jarring them for the curculio. 



The Canker Worm {Anisopteryx vernata, Peck) usually appears as the young leaves 

 are pushing from the bud. 



The White Eugonia {Eugonia suhdgnaria, Hiibn.) one of the family of measuring 

 worms, occasionally appears in injurious numbers about the 1st of May. 



The oblique-banded Leaf-roller of Caccecia rosaceaiia, Harris, spins together the youag 

 leaves for its shelter. 



The Lesser Apple-leaf Folder ( re?*as mi/iit^a, Rob.) attacks the opening foliage and 

 folds the leaf for its retreat. 



The Leaf-crumpler (Phycis indiginella, Zeller) awakening from its winter's sleep and 

 drawing some of the unfolding leaves together, resumes its feeding. 



The destructive Eye-spotted Bud-moth (Tmetocera ocellana, Schiff.) so injurious in 

 Western New York, after its larval hibernation in its half-grown state, makes its formid- 

 able attack, first on the buds and afterwards on the leaves. 



The Apple Bud-worm [Eccopsis malana, Fernald) creeps at night from its retreat and, 

 after having consumed the terminal budf, feeds upon the leaves. 



The Apple-tree Case-bearer {Coleophora malivoreUa, Riley) emerges fr )m its peculiar 

 pistol-shaped case in which it has passed the winter, to eat the buds as soon as they begin 

 to swell, and afterwards to skeletonize the leaves. 



The Plum Curculio {Conotrachelus Jienuphar, Herbst) enters upon the scene at least 

 two weeks before its first crescent cuts are made in the fruit, ready and free to devote all 

 its energies to obtaining the supply of food needed for the development of its eggs and 

 for the labors attending its complicated and painstaking method of oviposition. 



Seventeen species of insects are named above, each one of which is feeding voracious- 

 ly during the blossoming of our fruit trees. Possibly as many more could be added 

 to the list, all of which could best be destroyed by arsenical spraying. 



It is therefore respectfully submitted whether there should be the intermission of 

 spraying as proposed, urged and sought to be made compulsory through legislation, until 

 it shall appear beyond all controversy that the interests of the agriculturist and the 

 fruit-grower — each carefully considered and perhaps weighed one against the other — 

 really demand it. 



