ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCICTY OF ONTARIO. 101 



taken in economic entomology. Nearly every number of the New Zealand Farmer for 

 several years has contained lengthy articles from his pen, ami he has travelled a great 

 vleal for the purpose ol" lecturing before fruit growers' associations and other farmers' 

 organizations. The editor of the Npao Zealand Farmer has also helped the good work 

 along, and has published editorially a number of articles upon the subject. New Zea- 

 landers are agitating the (|uestion of the appointment of an official entomologist, but at 

 this date seem to have little hope of immediate success. 



Lv OoNCLfJ.SIOX. 



In conduding a review of this character, an American wiiter may pprhaps be par- 

 doned for an exhibition of national pride. Writing in 1870, Dr. A. S. Packard, in his 

 first annual report upon the Injurious and Beneficial Insects of Massachusetts, compared 

 the attention paid to economic entomology in this country with that which it received or 

 had received up to that time in Europe, very much to our own discredit. In the twenty- 

 four years which have intervened the change has been vast. All of the great advances in 

 our science have come from America, and it may justly be said that, aside from the one 

 department of forestry insects, the vhole world looks to America for instruction in 

 economic entomology. 



These great advances, we must remember, would not have been possiV)le without 

 legislative encouragement. Activity on the part of workers and appreciation on the part 

 of the people and their representatives have gone hand in hand. At the present time 

 the amount of money expended for work in economic entomology is far greater in this 

 count] y than in any other. Our regular annual expenditure in the support of entomo- 

 logical offices amounts to about ^^100,000, very nearly all of wh'ch is appropriated by the 

 Oeneral Government, $'29,000 going to the Division of Entomology of the Department of 

 Agriculture and about $60,000 to experiment-station entomologists. To this amount must 

 te added the huge sums expended annually in publishing our reports and bulletins. 

 The sum total thus reached will probably exceed the amount expended in this direction 

 by the entire remainder of the world. Much more is therefore to be expected from 

 American workers than from workers in other countries. The American members of this 

 association must bear this fact in mind, and must realize that with the present rapid increase 

 in interest among other nations nothing but the most energetic and painstaking work will 

 result in the retention by the United States of her present prominent position. In 

 some respects our results, have not been commensurate with our opportuni- 

 tie«, but we have certainly justified in vast degree the money expenditure which 

 has f^nabled us to pro.'ecu'e our work. Not a year passes in which the sura saved to 

 agricultural and hortii;nlture, as the direct result of our work, does not amount to many 

 times that which the Government appropriates, as has been often shown, and notably by 

 our former president, Mr. James Fletcher, in his most able and interesting address at our 

 Washington meeting in 1891. 



In the good which has been accomplished in the way of remedial work against 

 insects, the work of the official economic entomologists greatly exceeds that of all other 

 classes of individuals. They have been investigators and teachers, students and propa- 

 gandists ; they have carried their researches into the fields of botany, bacteriology, chemis- 

 try, mechanics, and general zoology. Nearly all of the practical remedies in use to-day 

 have been of their suggestion, and all great advances in recent years have come from their 

 labors. Occasionally a practical agriculturist or horticulturist, unskilled in entomology, 

 has discovered an important remedy, as was the case when Mr. J. S. Woodward sprayed 

 his api^le orchard with Paris green for canker-worms and found it to be a remedy for the 

 todling moth ; but Mr. Woodward would never have sprayed his trees at all but for the 

 suggestion of Dr. LeBaron several years previously. And then, too, Prof. Cook, making 

 the same discovery independently, was the one who, by his careful experiments, establish- 

 ed public confidence in the remedy, and it is to him, more than to any one man, that 

 the country to-day owes the great annual saving from the widespread adoption of this 

 eminently practical remedy. 



